Genesis 18:16 - Divine justice impending over Sodom

Verse Analysis: Bereishit 18:16

The verse describes the departure of the angels (referred to as "the men") from Avraham's tent and their gaze toward Sedom, with Avraham accompanying them to escort them on their way.

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi (Bereishit 18:16) explains that the phrase "וַיַּשְׁקִפוּ עַל־פְּנֵי סְדֹם" ("and looked toward Sedom") indicates that the angels were assessing the situation in Sedom to determine whether its inhabitants had any merit that might justify sparing the city. This aligns with the principle of Divine justice, where Hashem thoroughly examines a situation before executing judgment.

Avraham's Role in Escorting the Guests

The latter part of the verse, "וְאַבְרָהָם הֹלֵךְ עִמָּם לְשַׁלְּחָם" ("and Avraham went with them to bring them on the way"), highlights Avraham's exemplary trait of הכנסת אורחים (hachnasat orchim, hospitality). The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 48:9) emphasizes that escorting guests is even greater than hosting them, as seen in Avraham's actions here. This teaches the importance of honoring guests beyond the initial act of hospitality.

Rambam's Perspective on Escorting Guests

Rambam (Hilchot Avel 14:2) codifies the mitzvah of escorting guests, deriving it from Avraham's behavior in this verse. He states that accompanying a guest when they depart is an act of kindness that demonstrates genuine care and respect.

Symbolism of the Angels' Gaze Toward Sedom

The Talmud (Bava Metzia 86b) notes that the angels' gaze was not merely physical but carried spiritual significance. Their assessment of Sedom was part of the Divine plan to involve Avraham in the judgment process, reinforcing the concept that the righteous play a role in Heavenly decrees through their merit and prayers.

Key Lessons from the Verse

• Divine Justice: Hashem's judgment is thorough and considers all factors before execution.
• Hachnasat Orchim: The importance of hospitality extends beyond hosting to honoring guests upon their departure.
• Righteous Influence: The righteous, like Avraham, have a role in shaping Divine decrees through their actions and prayers.