Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why did Avraham set aside seven ewe lambs in Genesis 21:28?
A: According to Rashi, Avraham set aside these seven ewe lambs as a separate gift to Avimelech, king of Gerar, as a sign of their peace treaty (brit). This act symbolized that the well Avraham dug belonged to him, and the lambs served as witnesses to their agreement.
Q: What is the significance of the number seven in this verse?
A: In Jewish tradition, the number seven often represents completeness or a covenant (as seen with Shabbat, the seven days of creation, etc.). Here, the seven lambs reinforced the seriousness of the treaty between Avraham and Avimelech, showing it was a binding and lasting agreement.
Q: How does this verse relate to Jewish values today?
A: This verse teaches the importance of peaceful resolutions and honest agreements between people. Avraham ensured clarity in his dealings with Avimelech, setting an example for how Jews should conduct business and relationships with fairness and transparency (based on Talmudic principles of 'dina d'malchuta dina'—the law of the land is binding).
Q: Why were the lambs set apart 'by themselves' (לְבַדְּהֶן)?
A: The Midrash explains that separating the lambs emphasized their special role in the covenant—they were not part of the general flock but designated specifically for this sacred agreement. This mirrors how Jews set aside certain things (like ma'aser or Shabbat) for holy purposes.
Q: Did Avraham's treaty with Avimelech have long-term consequences?
A: Yes! The Talmud (Bava Kama 92b) notes that this treaty later protected Avraham's descendants—the Philistines (Avimelech's people) did not harm the Jews during the Exodus from Egypt because of this ancient agreement, showing how righteousness (tzedakah) and diplomacy create lasting blessings.
Context of the Verse
The verse (Bereishit 21:28) describes Avraham Avinu's actions during his covenant with Avimelech, king of Gerar. After resolving a dispute over a well, Avraham sets aside seven ewe lambs as a testimony to their agreement.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (Bereishit 21:28) explains that these seven ewe lambs were designated as a separate gift to Avimelech. By setting them apart, Avraham was establishing a symbolic act—these lambs would serve as evidence that he had dug the well in question and that it rightfully belonged to him.
Symbolism of the Seven Ewe Lambs
Legal Implications
The Talmud (Bava Kama 92b) discusses the concept of simanim (identifying marks) in property disputes. Avraham's act of separating the lambs functioned as a public declaration of ownership, ensuring no future claims could be made on the well by Avimelech or his descendants.
Moral Lesson
The Kli Yakar (Bereishit 21:28) emphasizes that Avraham's actions demonstrate the importance of clear agreements and peaceful resolutions. Even though Avraham was morally and spiritually superior to Avimelech, he took steps to avoid conflict and establish trust through tangible symbols.