Genesis 34:11 - Can love redeem sin?

Context of the Verse

The verse (Bereshit 34:11) records the words of Shekhem, son of Chamor, after he had taken Dinah, the daughter of Yaakov, and wished to marry her. Shekhem speaks to Dinah's father (Yaakov) and brothers, seeking their favor and offering to pay any price they demand.

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi explains that Shekhem's words, "Let me find favor in your eyes", indicate his attempt to appease Yaakov and his sons after the grievous act he had committed. Rashi notes that Shekhem was willing to give whatever they asked, whether in terms of money or other demands, to atone for his wrongdoing (Rashi on Bereshit 34:11).

Rambam's Perspective on Repentance

While Rambam does not comment directly on this verse, his principles of teshuvah (repentance) in Hilchot Teshuvah can be applied. Shekhem's offer to give whatever is demanded may resemble an attempt at restitution, but true repentance requires sincere regret and a commitment not to repeat the sin—something Shekhem does not demonstrate fully (Rambam, Hilchot Teshuvah 2:1-2).

Midrashic Interpretation

The Midrash (Bereshit Rabbah 80:7) highlights the insincerity of Shekhem's words. Despite his offer to give generously, his primary motivation was selfish—he desired Dinah and sought to legitimize his actions rather than express genuine remorse. The Midrash contrasts this with the proper way to seek forgiveness, which requires humility and true repentance.

Moral Lessons from the Verse

• Empty Promises vs. Genuine Repentance: Shekhem’s willingness to pay any price does not equate to true atonement, teaching that material compensation alone is insufficient without sincere remorse.
• Guard Against Deception: Yaakov’s sons later respond with cunning (Bereshit 34:13-17), illustrating the dangers of engaging with those who manipulate rather than repent honestly.
• The Sanctity of Relationships: The episode underscores the Torah’s emphasis on moral conduct in relationships, as opposed to coercion or exploitation.

Ibn Ezra's Linguistic Insight

Ibn Ezra notes that Shekhem’s phrasing, "what you shall say to me I will give", is unusually broad, suggesting he was prepared to offer exorbitant sums. However, this further reveals his desperation and lack of moral clarity, as true justice cannot be bought (Ibn Ezra on Bereshit 34:11).