Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does 'If as yet thou dost exalt thyself against my people' mean in Exodus 9:17?
A: This verse is part of Hashem's warning to Pharaoh during the plagues. It means that Pharaoh was still arrogantly refusing to let the Jewish people leave Egypt despite the previous plagues. Rashi explains that Pharaoh was hardening his own heart (before Hashem later hardened it), showing his stubbornness against Hashem's will.
Q: Why is this verse important in the story of the Exodus?
A: This verse is important because it shows Pharaoh's continued defiance against Hashem even after witnessing multiple miracles. The Midrash teaches that this demonstrates how arrogance can blind a person to truth, and how Hashem gives opportunities to repent before bringing judgment.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Exodus 9:17 today?
A: The Rambam teaches that this verse reminds us of the dangers of arrogance and stubbornness. When we see clear signs that we're doing wrong, we should humbly change our ways rather than doubling down in pride like Pharaoh did. This applies to personal growth and relationships.
Q: Who is 'my people' referring to in this verse?
A: 'My people' refers to the Children of Israel (Bnei Yisrael). The Talmud (Berachot 5a) notes how special this term is - Hashem calls them 'My people,' showing His close relationship with and protection of the Jewish nation.
Q: How many plagues had happened by Exodus 9:17?
A: By this point in the narrative, five plagues had already occurred: blood, frogs, lice, wild animals, and pestilence. The next plague mentioned after this verse is boils (Exodus 9:8-12). The Talmud (Rosh Hashanah 11a) discusses the progression of the plagues.
Context of the Verse
The verse (Exodus 9:17) is part of Hashem's warning to Pharaoh through Moshe during the plague of hail. It follows the earlier plagues and serves as a rebuke for Pharaoh's continued refusal to release Bnei Yisrael from slavery in Mitzrayim.
Linguistic Analysis
The term "מִסְתּוֹלֵל" (misto'lel) is derived from the root ס-ל-ל, meaning "to raise up" or "to exalt oneself." Rashi explains that it conveys Pharaoh's arrogance and stubbornness in opposing Hashem's will. The phrase "בְּעַמִּי" (be'ami) emphasizes that Pharaoh's defiance is directed not just against a nation, but against Hashem's chosen people.
Theological Implications
Moral Lessons
The Sforno explains that this verse teaches the danger of hubris - Pharaoh's continued self-exaltation prevented him from recognizing divine authority. The Talmud (Sotah 5a) warns that arrogance makes one as if they have denied fundamental divine principles.
Historical Perspective
Ibn Ezra observes that this warning came after multiple plagues, showing Pharaoh's persistent resistance despite clear demonstrations of Hashem's power. The Malbim notes this was a final opportunity for Pharaoh to repent before more severe judgments.