Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does it mean that Moshe 'entreated the Lord' in Exodus 10:18?
A: When Moshe 'entreated the Lord' (וַיֶּעְתַּר אֶל־יְהוָה), it means he prayed intensely to Hashem to remove the plague of locusts after Pharaoh appeared to show remorse. Rashi explains that Moshe prayed outside the city to avoid praying in a place of idolatry (Pharaoh's palace). This teaches us the importance of proper prayer and distancing oneself from impurity when seeking divine mercy.
Q: Why did Moshe leave Pharaoh before praying in Exodus 10:18?
A: Moshe left Pharaoh's presence before praying (וַיֵּצֵא מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה) because, as the Midrash teaches, one should not pray in a place of idolatry or impurity. By distancing himself, Moshe demonstrated respect for holiness and the proper environment for prayer. The Talmud (Berachot 10b) also derives from this that one should not pray in a place of distraction or spiritual contamination.
Q: What can we learn from Moshe's prayer in Exodus 10:18?
A: From Moshe's prayer in this verse, we learn several key principles: 1) The power of prayer to change circumstances (as the locusts were removed), 2) The importance of praying in a proper environment (Moshe left Pharaoh's palace), and 3) That even when confronting evil (like Pharaoh), we must still turn to Hashem for help. The Rambam (Hilchot Tefillah 4:1) derives from this that prayer requires proper focus and intention.
Q: How does Exodus 10:18 show Moshe's character?
A: This verse reveals Moshe's great compassion and leadership. Despite Pharaoh's wickedness and the suffering he caused, Moshe immediately prayed for the plague to end when Pharaoh showed signs of relenting. The Midrash notes that Moshe could have let Pharaoh suffer longer, but chose mercy. This teaches us to seek others' welfare even when they don't deserve it, following Moshe's example of righteousness.
Q: Why is the phrase 'entreated the Lord' significant in this verse?
A: The term 'entreated' (וַיֶּעְתַּר) is significant because it implies urgent, heartfelt prayer. The Talmud (Rosh Hashanah 18a) connects this word to the concept of 'atarah' (a crown), suggesting that proper prayer 'crowns' Hashem as King. This teaches us that prayer isn't just asking for needs, but affirming Hashem's sovereignty. The Rambam (Moreh Nevuchim 1:39) explains that Moshe's prayer here models how leaders must turn to Hashem in times of crisis.
Context of the Verse
The verse (Shemot 9:33) describes Moshe's actions after warning Pharaoh about the impending plague of hail. After delivering the warning, Moshe departs from Pharaoh's presence and turns to Hashem in prayer. This moment highlights Moshe's role as both a leader and an intercessor for Bnei Yisrael.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (Shemot 9:33) explains that Moshe left Pharaoh's presence before the plague began because he had already delivered Hashem's message and had no further business with Pharaoh. The phrase "וַיֶּעְתַּר אֶל־יְהוָה" ("and entreated the Lord") indicates that Moshe prayed for the plague to cease once it had served its purpose. Rashi emphasizes that Moshe's prayer was an act of tefillah (supplication), demonstrating his compassion even for Egypt when the time for punishment had passed.
Rambam on Prayer
Rambam (Hilchot Tefillah 1:1) teaches that prayer is a fundamental mitzvah, rooted in emunah (faith) in Hashem's ability to respond to human entreaty. Moshe's action here exemplifies this principle—he does not assume the plague will end on its own but actively seeks divine mercy through prayer.
Midrashic Insights
Halachic Implications
The Gemara (Berachot 34b) derives from this verse that one should not pray in a place of impurity or distraction. Moshe's choice to leave Pharaoh's palace before praying teaches the importance of hachanah l'tefillah (proper preparation for prayer)—seeking a spiritually conducive environment.
Theological Significance
This verse underscores the balance between justice and mercy in divine governance. Even as Hashem executes judgment, Moshe's prayer reflects the Jewish value of rachamim (compassion), seeking relief once the lesson is conveyed. It also reinforces the idea that leaders must couple warnings with heartfelt prayer for their people's welfare.