Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the significance of the golden chains on the breastplate (Choshen)?
A: The golden chains (avotot zahav) mentioned in Exodus 28:24 were used to securely attach the Choshen (breastplate) to the Ephod (priestly apron) worn by the Kohen Gadol (High Priest). According to Rashi, these chains symbolize the unbreakable connection between the Jewish people and Hashem, as well as the importance of unity among the Twelve Tribes, whose names were inscribed on the Choshen.
Q: Why were the chains made of gold specifically?
A: Gold represents purity, value, and holiness in Jewish tradition. The Rambam explains that gold was chosen for the Mishkan's vessels and priestly garments because it reflects the sanctity of the service performed in the Mishkan (Tabernacle). The golden chains, therefore, emphasize the elevated spiritual status of the Kohen Gadol's role.
Q: What practical purpose did the chains serve in the Choshen?
A: The chains physically connected the Choshen to the rings on the Ephod, ensuring it remained firmly in place while the Kohen Gadol performed his duties. The Talmud (Zevachim 88b) teaches that every detail of the priestly garments had both a functional and a deeper spiritual meaning—here, the chains also allude to the binding connection between divine judgment (represented by the Choshen's Urim v'Tumim) and divine mercy (represented by the Ephod).
Q: How does this verse relate to us today without the Temple?
A: While we no longer have the Choshen or the Kohen Gadol, the Midrash (Tanchuma Tetzaveh 10) teaches that the details of the priestly garments offer timeless lessons. The golden chains remind us to 'bind' ourselves to Torah and mitzvot with the same unwavering commitment, as well as to cherish the unity of the Jewish people, just as the Choshen united the names of all Twelve Tribes.
Q: What do the 'two rings' and 'two chains' symbolize?
A: The two rings and two chains (one set on each side of the Choshen) represent balance and completeness in divine service. The Sforno explains that this duality hints to the dual aspects of Torah—written and oral—which guide Jewish life. Alternatively, the Kli Yakar suggests they symbolize the bond between heaven and earth, as the Kohen Gadol mediated between Hashem and the people.
Explanation of the Golden Chains on the Choshen
The verse (Shemot 28:14) describes the attachment of two golden chains (avot zahav) to the rings on the corners of the Choshen (breastplate). Rashi explains that these chains were intricately woven, similar to the cords of a net, and were used to securely fasten the Choshen to the Efod (the priestly apron).
Symbolism of the Golden Chains
According to the Rambam (Hilchos Klei HaMikdash 9:7), the golden chains symbolize the unbreakable connection between the Kohen Gadol (High Priest) and his sacred duties. The Choshen, which contained the Urim v'Tumim, represented divine communication, and the chains emphasized that this connection must remain steadfast.
Midrashic Interpretation
The Midrash Tanchuma (Tetzaveh 10) teaches that the two chains allude to the dual strands of Torah—the Written Torah and the Oral Torah—which are inseparable. Just as the chains held the Choshen in place, the Torah sustains the Jewish people.
Structural Details from the Talmud
The Talmud (Yoma 72a) elaborates on the craftsmanship of these chains: