Numbers 7:76 - Sin offering for dedication gifts

The Sin Offering (חַטָּאת) of a Goat

The verse "שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד לְחַטָּאת" refers to the offering of a male goat as a sin offering. This type of sacrifice is prescribed in various contexts in the Torah, particularly for unintentional sins or communal atonement.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Vayikra 4:23) explains that the term שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים specifically denotes a male goat, as opposed to a female goat (עֵז). This distinction is important because certain korbanot require a male animal, while others require a female, depending on the nature of the transgression and the status of the individual bringing the offering.

Purpose of the Sin Offering

According to Rambam (Hilchot Maaseh HaKorbanot 1:4), the חַטָּאת serves to atone for sins committed בשוגג (unintentionally). The offering of a goat, as opposed to a bull or lamb, is often specified for particular sins or communal obligations, such as the offerings brought on Rosh Chodesh and festivals (Bamidbar 28:15).

Symbolism of the Goat

The Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 5:6) suggests that the goat is chosen for atonement because of its symbolic connection to the sin of the brothers selling Yosef, where they used a goat's blood to deceive Yaakov (Bereishit 37:31). Thus, the goat serves as a rectification for past sins involving deception or wrongdoing.

Halachic Details

• The goat must be without blemish (תמים), as required for all korbanot (Vayikra 22:21).
• For certain communal sins, the goat is offered alongside a bull (Vayikra 4:14).
• The blood of the שעיר חטאת is sprinkled in specific areas of the Mizbeach, depending on the type of sin (Zevachim 5:3).