Deuteronomy 1:5 - Moshe explains Torah's essence

Location and Context of the Verse

The verse (Devarim 1:5) describes Moshe Rabbeinu beginning to explain the Torah to Bnei Yisrael in the land of Moav, on the eastern side of the Yarden. Rashi explains that this refers to Moshe translating the Torah into the seventy languages of the world, ensuring that all future generations—including those in exile—would be able to understand it. This act of be'er (explaining or clarifying) was crucial before Bnei Yisrael entered Eretz Yisrael under Yehoshua's leadership.

The Meaning of "Be'er et haTorah"

The phrase "ho'il Moshe be'er et haTorah" (Moshe began to declare this Torah) is interpreted in several ways by our commentators:

• Rashi: Moshe translated the Torah into seventy languages, as mentioned above, to ensure accessibility for all Jews in future exiles.
• Ramban: Moshe did not merely translate but also explained the Torah in great depth, particularly the mitzvos that would be relevant upon entering Eretz Yisrael.
• Sforno: Moshe clarified the Torah's laws and principles so that Bnei Yisrael would fully grasp their obligations and the consequences of their actions.

Significance of the Location

The verse emphasizes that this took place "b'eiver haYarden, b'eretz Moav" (beyond the Yarden, in the land of Moav). The Midrash (Devarim Rabbah) notes that this was a transitional moment—Moshe was preparing Bnei Yisrael for life without his direct leadership. The location, near the border of Eretz Yisrael, symbolizes the shift from the wilderness experience to the responsibilities of settling the land.

Connection to Sefer Devarim

This verse introduces Sefer Devarim, which is also called Mishneh Torah (Repetition of the Torah). The Rambam (Hilchos Yesodei HaTorah 7:2) explains that Moshe, under divine instruction, reiterated and expanded upon the Torah’s laws to ensure clarity and proper observance. This act of be'er was thus foundational for the transmission of Torah to future generations.