Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Deuteronomy 2:4 mean when it says 'they shall be afraid of you'?
A: According to Rashi, this means that Hashem would instill fear of the Israelites in the hearts of the children of Esav (Esau), ensuring they would not attack. This was a divine protection as Bnei Yisrael passed through their territory.
Q: Why were the Israelites commanded to be extra cautious when passing through Esav's territory?
A: The Torah emphasizes 'take good heed to yourselves' because, as Ramban explains, even though Hashem promised protection, the Israelites still needed to act with wisdom and avoid unnecessary conflict. This teaches the balance between divine promise and human responsibility.
Q: Who are the 'children of Esav' mentioned in Deuteronomy 2:4?
A: The children of Esav (Esau) are the descendants of Yaakov's brother Esau, who settled in the region of Se'ir (Edom). The Torah recognizes them as relatives ('your brethren'), but they were a distinct nation with their own territory.
Q: What lesson can we learn from this verse about dealing with other nations?
A: The Midrash teaches that this verse shows the importance of peaceful coexistence when possible. Even though Bnei Yisrael were strong, they were commanded to pass through respectfully without provoking conflict, setting an example for diplomatic relations.
Q: How does this verse connect to the broader journey in the book of Deuteronomy?
A: As the Sforno explains, this was part of Hashem's guidance for entering Eretz Yisrael. By avoiding war with Esav's descendants, Bnei Yisrael could focus on their mission to settle the Promised Land, showing that not all conflicts are necessary.
Context in the Torah
This verse appears in Devarim (Deuteronomy) 2:4, where Moshe recounts Bnei Yisrael's journey through the wilderness. Hashem instructs the people to pass through the territory of the descendants of Esav (Edom) in Se'ir, emphasizing caution and respect for their brethren.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (Devarim 2:4) highlights two key points:
Rambam's Perspective
Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Melachim 5:1) derives from this verse the halachic principle that war against Edom (descendants of Esav) is not obligatory unless they initiate hostilities. The Torah's instruction to pass peacefully through their land establishes a precedent for peaceful relations with certain nations.
Midrashic Insights
The Midrash Tanchuma (Devarim 2) elaborates:
Halachic Implications
The Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 425) connects this verse to the broader Torah ethic of darchei shalom (ways of peace). Even when Bnei Yisrael had the upper hand, they were commanded to act with restraint and diplomacy toward Esav's descendants, setting an example for future interactions with neighboring nations.