Deuteronomy 9:20 - Moshe saves Aharon's life

Context of the Verse

The verse (Devarim 9:20) recounts Moshe's plea to Hashem to spare Aharon from destruction after the incident of the Golden Calf. This follows the broader narrative in which Moshe intercedes on behalf of Bnei Yisrael to prevent their annihilation due to the sin of idolatry.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Devarim 9:20) explains that Aharon's involvement in the Golden Calf was due to his fear of the people, who threatened to kill him if he refused. Despite this, Hashem was "very angry" with Aharon because he should have resisted even at the cost of his life (mesirut nefesh). Moshe's prayer was necessary to mitigate this severe judgment.

Rambam's Perspective

Rambam (Hilchos Avodah Zarah 5:3) discusses the gravity of Aharon's actions, emphasizing that even under duress, one must not assist in idolatry. However, he notes that Aharon's intent was to delay the people until Moshe's return, not to endorse their sin—a nuance that Moshe invoked in his prayer.

Midrashic Insights

• Midrash Tanchuma (Ki Sisa 20): Aharon's hesitation stemmed from his love for peace, but this was insufficient to justify his role in the sin. The Midrash highlights that even great leaders are held accountable for their compromises.
• Sifri (Devarim 9:20): Moshe's prayer for Aharon was parallel to his prayer for the nation, underscoring the principle that the righteous advocate for others even when they themselves are in distress.

Theological Implications

The verse teaches:

• Divine Justice: Hashem's anger reflects the severity of idolatry, even when committed under pressure.
• Intercession: The power of tzaddikim's prayers to avert decrees, as seen in Moshe's dual role as leader and advocate.
• Accountability: Leaders are judged more strictly due to their influence, as Aharon's high status amplified his responsibility.