Deuteronomy 12:20 - Expanding borders, permitted meat desires?

Context in the Torah

The verse (Devarim 12:20) appears in the context of the laws regarding permissible slaughter and consumption of meat outside the Mishkan (Tabernacle). Prior to this, the Torah restricted slaughtering animals for consumption to offerings brought to the Mishkan (Vayikra 17:3-4). Here, Moshe informs Bnei Yisrael that once they enter Eretz Yisrael and settle it, they will be permitted to slaughter and eat meat even outside the Mishkan or Beis Hamikdash.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi explains that this verse introduces a new halachic reality. While in the wilderness, Bnei Yisrael could only eat meat from korbanos (sacrifices). However, once they enter Eretz Yisrael and are distant from the Mishkan (and later the Beis Hamikdash), they are permitted to eat non-sacrificial meat (chullin) provided they follow the laws of shechita (ritual slaughter). Rashi emphasizes that this permission is conditional on the expansion of their borders as promised by Hashem.

Rambam's Perspective

In Moreh Nevuchim (3:48), Rambam suggests that the original restriction served to wean Bnei Yisrael off idolatrous practices common in Egypt, where meat was often eaten in sacrificial contexts to avodah zarah. Once settled in their own land with proper spiritual foundations, controlled meat consumption became permitted.

Halachic Implications

• The verse establishes that meat consumption is permitted when there is a ta'avah (desire) for it, not merely for gluttony (Sifrei).
• The Ramban notes that the phrase "bechol avas nafshecha" (to your heart's desire) still requires moderation and proper intent in eating.
• The Chizkuni explains that this permission only applies after inheriting and settling the land, connecting it to the earlier promise of expanded borders.

Spiritual Dimensions

The Kli Yakar highlights that the verse begins with Hashem's promise to expand their borders, teaching that material blessings (like abundant meat) come from Hashem. The Sforno adds that even when permitted, one should eat meat with proper intentions - either for health or to have strength for Torah study and mitzvah observance.

Midrashic Insight

Midrash Tanchuma (Re'eh 7) connects this to the concept of hidur mitzvah (beautifying commandments), suggesting that when Hashem grants abundance, we should use it to enhance our mitzvah observance, such as eating meat in honor of Shabbos and Yom Tov.