Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Deuteronomy 18:5 mean?
A: This verse explains that Hashem chose the tribe of Levi, specifically the Kohanim (priests), from among all the tribes of Israel to serve in the Mishkan (Tabernacle) and later the Beit HaMikdash (Temple). Their role was to minister in Hashem's name, and this privilege was given to them and their descendants for all time.
Q: Why is the selection of the Kohanim important?
A: The selection of the Kohanim is important because they were given the sacred duty of performing the avodah (service) in the Mishkan and Beit HaMikdash, including bringing korbanot (offerings). As Rashi explains, this was a special merit given to the tribe of Levi because of their loyalty to Hashem during difficult times, such as the incident of the Golden Calf.
Q: What can we learn from Deuteronomy 18:5 today?
A: Even though we do not have the Beit HaMikdash today, we learn the importance of designated roles in serving Hashem. The Kohanim still have certain honors in Jewish life, such as being called first to the Torah and reciting the Birkat Kohanim (Priestly Blessing). This teaches us about the value of tradition and the continuity of Jewish service to Hashem.
Q: Does this verse apply to all Levites or just the Kohanim?
A: This verse specifically refers to the Kohanim (descendants of Aharon), who were chosen from within the tribe of Levi for the highest level of service. The rest of the Levites also had special roles (such as assisting in the Temple and singing), but the Kohanim had unique responsibilities, as explained in the Rambam's Mishneh Torah (Hilchot Klei HaMikdash).
Q: Why does the verse say 'him and his sons for ever'?
A: The phrase 'him and his sons for ever' emphasizes that the priesthood is hereditary, passed down from father to son. The Midrash teaches that this was a covenant with Aharon and his descendants, ensuring that the role of Kehunah (priesthood) would remain in his family line eternally, as long as they remain worthy of it.
Context of the Verse
The verse (Devarim 18:5) speaks of the selection of the Kohanim (priests) from the tribe of Levi to serve in the Mishkan (Tabernacle) and later in the Beit HaMikdash (Temple). This designation is eternal, as Hashem chose them for this sacred role.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (Devarim 18:5) emphasizes that the phrase "כִּי בוֹ בָּחַר יְהוָה" ("For the Lord thy God has chosen him") refers specifically to the Kohanim, who were selected from the tribe of Levi to perform the divine service. Rashi notes that this choice is not based on human preference but on Hashem’s will, as stated in Bamidbar 16:5, where Hashem designates who may approach Him.
Rambam's Perspective
The Rambam (Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 4:1) elaborates on the permanence of the Kehunah (priesthood), explaining that the selection of Aharon and his descendants is an everlasting covenant. Even during times when the Beit HaMikdash is not standing, the sanctity of the Kohanim remains intact, and they retain their unique mitzvot and privileges.
Talmudic and Midrashic Insights
Significance of the Eternal Covenant
The eternal nature of this selection underscores the unchanging sanctity of the Kehunah. The Kohanim serve as intermediaries between Bnei Yisrael and Hashem, particularly in matters of korbanot (offerings) and blessings (Birkat Kohanim). This role is not subject to revocation, as emphasized in Malachi 2:4-8, where Hashem reaffirms His covenant with the descendants of Levi.