Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Deuteronomy 2:28 mean?
A: In Deuteronomy 2:28, Moshe (Moses) recounts how the Israelites requested permission from the nation of Edom to pass through their land on their way to the Promised Land. They promised to pay for any food or water they consumed, showing respect for Edom's sovereignty. Rashi explains that this demonstrates the importance of peaceful relations and fair dealings with others, even when passing through their territory.
Q: Why is this verse important in Jewish tradition?
A: This verse is important because it teaches the Jewish value of derech eretz (proper conduct) and peaceful coexistence with neighboring nations. The Rambam (Hilchot Melachim 6:1) derives from this that we must first seek peace before engaging in conflict. The Israelites set an example by offering to pay for provisions rather than taking them by force.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Deuteronomy 2:28 today?
A: We learn that even when we have needs, we must respect others' property and rights. The Midrash Tanchuma (Chukat 1) emphasizes that the Israelites' offer to pay showed their integrity. Today, this teaches us to be honest in business dealings and considerate of others' boundaries, whether between individuals or nations.
Q: Why did the Israelites offer to pay for food and water?
A: According to traditional Jewish sources, the Israelites offered payment to demonstrate that they came in peace and weren't seeking to take anything unlawfully. The Sforno explains that this was particularly important because Edom were descendants of Esav (Esau), and there was historical tension between the nations. Paying for provisions showed good faith.
Q: How does this apply to Jewish law about traveling through others' land?
A: The Talmud (Gittin 61a) derives from this verse that we should be respectful guests when passing through others' domains. Jewish law teaches that even when permitted to pass through, one shouldn't burden the local population. The Shulchan Aruch (Choshen Mishpat 156) discusses laws about fair compensation when using others' resources, based on principles from this verse.
Context of the Verse
The verse (Devarim 2:28) is part of Moshe's recounting of Bnei Yisrael's request to pass through the land of Edom. Moshe emphasizes that they sought only peaceful passage and were willing to pay for any provisions they consumed, demonstrating respect for the sovereignty of Edom.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (Devarim 2:28) explains that Moshe stressed the willingness to pay for food and water to show that Bnei Yisrael would not be a burden. He highlights the phrase "אֶעְבְּרָה בְרַגְלָי" ("I will pass through on foot") to indicate they would not take up space or resources unnecessarily, traveling lightly without animals or wagons.
Rambam on Ethical Conduct
Rambam (Hilchot Melachim 6:1) derives from this verse the principle of seeking peaceful relations with neighboring nations. Even though Hashem had promised the land to Avraham's descendants, Bnei Yisrael were instructed to approach Edom respectfully and offer fair compensation, modeling derech eretz (proper conduct).
Midrashic Insights
Halachic Implications
The Chofetz Chaim (Ahavat Chesed 2:8) cites this verse to underscore the importance of avoiding even the appearance of exploiting others. By insisting on paying, Bnei Yisrael set a standard for ethical business practices and avoiding chashad (suspicion of wrongdoing).