Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Deuteronomy 28:2 mean?
A: Deuteronomy 28:2 means that if the Jewish people listen to and follow Hashem's commandments, they will be blessed abundantly. Rashi explains that these blessings will 'overtake' them, meaning they will come in such abundance that they won't even have to pursue them - the blessings will find them.
Q: Why is Deuteronomy 28:2 important?
A: This verse is important because it establishes the fundamental principle of reward for keeping mitzvot (commandments). The Rambam (Maimonides) teaches in Hilchot Teshuvah that Hashem promises tangible blessings in this world for those who observe Torah properly, as stated in this verse.
Q: What can we learn from Deuteronomy 28:2 today?
A: We learn that observing Torah brings blessings into our lives. The Sforno explains that these blessings aren't just material - they include spiritual elevation and closeness to Hashem. Even today, when we follow Torah with sincerity, we merit divine assistance in all aspects of life.
Q: What are the 'blessings' mentioned in Deuteronomy 28:2?
A: The blessings refer to all forms of divine beneficence - material prosperity, health, peace, and spiritual growth. The Talmud (Makot 23b) connects these blessings to the 613 commandments, showing that Torah observance brings comprehensive blessing to all areas of life.
Q: How do we 'hearken to the voice of Hashem' as mentioned in this verse?
A: According to Rashi and the Rambam, 'hearkening to Hashem's voice' means carefully studying and observing all Torah commandments - both between man and G-d (bein adam laMakom) and between man and his fellow (bein adam lachaveiro). The Midrash Tanchuma emphasizes that this includes both the written and oral Torah.
Context in the Torah
The verse (Devarim 28:2) appears in Parashat Ki Tavo, where Moshe outlines the blessings that will come upon Bnei Yisrael if they faithfully observe the mitzvot. This follows the tokhechah (rebuke) structure, contrasting blessings for obedience with curses for disobedience.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi comments on the phrase "וְהִשִּׂיגֻךָ" ("and overtake thee"), explaining that the blessings will be so abundant that they will "pursue" the Jewish people even if they try to avoid them. This implies an overflow of Divine beneficence beyond what one might naturally expect.
Rambam's Perspective
In Hilchot Teshuvah (9:1), Rambam teaches that these blessings are contingent upon sincere Torah observance. Merely performing mitzvot without proper intent (kavanah) does not automatically invoke these blessings. True shemiat kol Hashem (hearkening to G-d's voice) requires both action and proper devotion.
Talmudic Insight
The Talmud (Makot 23b) connects this verse to the 613 mitzvot, teaching that faithfully observing Torah commandments brings these promised blessings. The Sages emphasize that the blessings are not merely material but include spiritual elevation and closeness to Hashem.
Midrashic Interpretation
The Midrash Tanchuma (Ki Tavo 1) elaborates that these blessings extend beyond individuals to the entire community when Klal Yisrael lives according to Torah values. The collective merit brings Divine favor in both gashmiyut (physical) and ruchniyut (spiritual) realms.
Sforno's Additional Commentary
Sforno notes that the phrase "כִּי תִשְׁמַע" ("if you hearken") implies more than passive hearing - it requires active engagement with Torah study and mitzvah observance. The blessings are proportional to one's commitment to internalizing and living by Hashem's commandments.
Practical Implications