Deuteronomy 29:13 - Eternal covenant with all generations

The Scope of the Covenant

The verse (Devarim 29:13) states, "Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath," emphasizing that the covenant at Har Sinai extends beyond the generation present at that moment. Rashi explains that this includes both future generations and the souls of those not yet born, as the covenant binds all of Klal Yisrael for all time. The Ramban adds that this underscores the eternal and unbreakable nature of the brit between Hashem and His people.

Inclusion of Future Generations

The Talmud (Shevuot 39a) derives from this verse the principle of aravut (mutual responsibility), teaching that all Jews are guarantors for one another in fulfilling the Torah's commandments. The Sforno notes that this verse highlights the collective responsibility of the Jewish people, as the covenant was made not only with those physically present but with all descendants, ensuring the continuity of Torah observance.

The Dual Nature of the Covenant

• Brit (Covenant): The Malbim explains that "this covenant" refers to the mutual commitment between Hashem and Israel, where adherence to Torah brings blessing.
• Alah (Oath): The Ibn Ezra interprets "this oath" as the consequences for violating the covenant, underscoring the seriousness of the agreement.

Midrashic Interpretation

The Midrash Tanchuma (Nitzavim 3) teaches that this verse alludes to the souls of all future converts, who were also present at Har Sinai in a spiritual sense. This reflects the inclusive nature of the covenant, embracing all who join the Jewish people throughout history.