Deuteronomy 3:22 - Divine battles, human courage.

Deuteronomy 3:22 - דברים 3:22

Hebrew Text

לֹא תְִּירָאוּם כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הוּא הַנִּלְחָם לָכֶם׃

English Translation

You shall not fear them: for the Lord your God he shall fight for you.

Transliteration

Lo tira'um ki Adonai Eloheichem hu hanilcham lachem.

Hebrew Leining Text

לֹ֖א תִּֽירָא֑וּם כִּ֚י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא הַנִּלְחָ֥ם לָכֶֽם׃ {ס}        

🎵 Listen to leining

Parasha Commentary

Context of the Verse

The verse (Devarim 3:22) appears in Moshe's recounting of the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, specifically referencing their battles against the Emorite kings Sichon and Og. Moshe reassures the people not to fear their enemies because Hashem will fight on their behalf.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Devarim 3:22) emphasizes that the phrase "כי ה' אלקיכם הוא הנלחם לכם" ("for the Lord your God He shall fight for you") is a promise that Hashem will personally intervene in their battles. Rashi connects this to the earlier miracles in Egypt and at the Red Sea, demonstrating that divine assistance is not contingent on human merit but on Hashem's covenant with Israel.

Rambam's Perspective

In Hilchot Melachim (7:15), the Rambam discusses the laws of war and highlights that trust in Hashem is a fundamental principle when going to battle. However, he also stresses the obligation to prepare naturally (e.g., assembling an army, weapons) while recognizing that victory ultimately comes from Hashem. This verse serves as a reminder that fear should not paralyze Bnei Yisrael when fulfilling their mission.

Midrashic Insights

  • Sifrei Devarim (26): The Midrash explains that the phrase "לא תיראום" ("you shall not fear them") applies not only to physical enemies but also to spiritual challenges. Just as Hashem fights physical battles, He aids in overcoming yetzer hara (the evil inclination).
  • Devarim Rabbah (2:13): The verse is linked to the idea that when Bnei Yisrael are united and faithful, Hashem fights their battles—similar to the miracle at the Red Sea, where they only needed to "be silent" (Shemot 14:14) while Hashem acted.

Practical Lessons

The verse teaches:

  • Bitachon (Trust in Hashem): Fear of enemies is unnecessary when one internalizes that Hashem is the ultimate protector.
  • Limits of Human Effort: While effort is required (as per Rambam), ultimate success depends on divine intervention.
  • Historical Continuity: The promise applies to all generations, reinforcing that Hashem's protection endures for those who keep His covenant.

📚 Talmud Citations

This verse is quoted in the Talmud.

📖 Sotah 42b
The verse is referenced in the context of discussing the prohibition against fearing enemies when going to war, emphasizing trust in God's protection.
📖 Berakhot 33b
Mentioned in a discussion about the nature of fear and trust in God, illustrating how divine intervention removes the need for human fear.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What does 'You shall not fear them' mean in Deuteronomy 3:22?
A: This verse, spoken by Moshe (Moses) to Bnei Yisrael (the Children of Israel), teaches that when facing enemies or challenges, we should not be overcome by fear because Hashem (God) fights on our behalf when we follow His ways. Rashi explains that this assurance was given as Israel prepared to enter Eretz Yisrael (the Land of Israel) and face formidable nations.
Q: Why is trusting in Hashem's protection important according to this verse?
A: The verse emphasizes bitachon (trust in God) as a foundational principle in Judaism. The Rambam (Maimonides) teaches that true trust means doing our part while recognizing that success ultimately comes from Hashem. This verse reminds us that fear is unnecessary when we rely on Divine providence, as seen throughout Jewish history, from Yetziat Mitzrayim (the Exodus) to modern times.
Q: How can we apply 'Hashem will fight for you' in daily life?
A: The Sages explain that this applies both physically and spiritually. Just as Hashem aided Israel in battle, He assists us in overcoming personal struggles when we align with Torah values. The Midrash Tanchuma compares this to a king protecting his loyal subjects. Practically, this means facing challenges with emunah (faith), prayer, and proper effort while trusting in Divine assistance.
Q: Does this mean Jews shouldn't defend themselves physically?
A: No. Traditional Jewish interpretation, as seen in the Talmud (Sotah 44b), understands this verse as encouraging faith during war, not passivity. The Torah commands military preparation (Deuteronomy 20) while recognizing victory comes from Hashem. This balance is reflected in Israel's wars throughout Tanach (Bible), where both human effort and Divine help were essential.
Q: What's the context of this verse in Deuteronomy 3?
A: Moshe recounts how Hashem helped Israel defeat Sichon and Og (powerful kings east of the Jordan) to demonstrate God's might. The Chizkuni explains this verse serves as encouragement for the upcoming conquest of Canaan - if Hashem helped them defeat these kings, He would continue assisting them. This historical context reinforces the eternal message of Divine protection for the Jewish people.