Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does 'cleaving to Hashem' mean in Deuteronomy 4:4?
A: Rashi explains that 'cleaving to Hashem' means attaching oneself to His ways—performing acts of kindness, studying Torah, and following His commandments. The Talmud (Ketubot 111b) teaches that this connection is achieved through emulating Hashem's attributes, such as being merciful and just.
Q: Why does the verse say 'you are alive today' for those who cleave to Hashem?
A: The Rambam (Hilchos Teshuva 8:3) teaches that true life—spiritual vitality and closeness to Hashem—comes from following His Torah. The Sforno adds that this 'life' refers to both physical survival (as seen in the desert) and eternal merit in the World to Come.
Q: How can we practically 'cleave to Hashem' today?
A: The Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 434) explains that we cleave to Hashem by bonding with Torah scholars and supporting their learning. The Mishnah (Avot 6:2) also teaches that Torah study itself creates this connection, as Hashem's wisdom becomes part of us.
Q: What is the significance of this verse being said to the Jewish people?
A: The Midrash (Sifrei Devarim 32) emphasizes that this promise was given specifically to those who remained faithful after the sin of the Golden Calf. It teaches that even after failures, sincere commitment to Hashem brings renewal and life.
Q: Does 'cleaving to Hashem' mean we shouldn't engage with the physical world?
A: No—the Talmud (Yevamot 63a) teaches that one can (and should) serve Hashem through normal activities like business, when done with integrity. The Vilna Gaon explains that the physical world becomes elevated when used properly for mitzvot and kindness.
Context in Devarim (Deuteronomy)
The verse (Devarim 4:4) appears in Moshe's speech to Bnei Yisrael, following a warning against idolatry and a reminder of the consequences faced by those who worshipped Baal Peor (Bamidbar 25). Moshe contrasts the fate of the idolaters with those who remained faithful to Hashem.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi interprets "הַדְּבֵקִים בַּיהוָה" ("those who cleave to Hashem") as referring to those who maintained their attachment to Hashem despite the surrounding temptations of idolatry. He emphasizes that their steadfastness is the reason they are alive "הַיּוֹם" ("this day")—both physically and spiritually.
Rambam on Deveikut (Cleaving to Hashem)
In Hilchot De'ot (6:2), Rambam explains that true deveikut is achieved through Torah study, mitzvot observance, and emulating Hashem's attributes (e.g., kindness and justice). This verse underscores that life—both in this world and the next—is sustained by this connection.
Talmudic Insight (Ketubot 111b)
The Talmud teaches that clinging to Hashem is metaphorically compared to clinging to Torah scholars, as they embody Torah wisdom. Thus, the verse implies that survival and vitality come from aligning with Torah values.
Midrashic Perspective (Sifrei Devarim)
The Midrash elaborates that "חַיִּים כֻּלְּכֶם" ("alive every one of you") refers not only to physical survival but to a spiritually elevated existence. Those who reject idolatry and cling to Hashem merit a life infused with divine purpose.
Practical Implication