Deuteronomy 9:13 - Stubborn nation's divine rebuke

Understanding "Stiffnecked People"

The phrase "עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף" (am kshei-oref, "a stiffnecked people") appears multiple times in Tanach, particularly in reference to Bnei Yisrael. Rashi (on Shemot 32:9) explains that this metaphor describes a people who refuse to turn their necks to listen—symbolizing stubbornness and resistance to rebuke or guidance. The imagery suggests an unwillingness to bend or submit, like an ox that stiffens its neck against the yoke.

Context in Devarim

This verse (Devarim 9:13) is part of Moshe's recounting of the sin of the Golden Calf. Hashem describes Bnei Yisrael's tendency toward defiance, particularly in moments of spiritual crisis. The Ramban (Nachmanides) notes that this description is not merely criticism but serves as a warning—highlighting the need for constant vigilance in avodas Hashem, as their nature makes them prone to rebellion.

Midrashic Insights

• The Mechilta (Beshalach 2) compares a "stiff neck" to a person who, when rebuked, stiffens their neck in refusal to acknowledge wrongdoing. This trait can be negative (resisting truth) or positive (unyielding in faith under persecution).
• The Sifrei (Devarim 43) suggests that this quality later became a strength when Bnei Yisrael refused to abandon Torah despite exile and hardship.

Halachic and Ethical Implications

The Rambam (Hilchos De'os 2:3) teaches that traits like stubbornness must be channeled properly. While resisting truth is harmful, steadfastness in mitzvah observance is praiseworthy. The verse thus serves as a reminder to direct one's natural tendencies toward avodas Hashem rather than rebellion.