Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Deuteronomy 9:19 mean?
A: In Deuteronomy 9:19, Moshe (Moses) recounts how he feared Hashem's anger toward Bnei Yisrael (the Children of Israel) after the sin of the Golden Calf. Moshe prayed intensely, and Hashem listened to his prayers, sparing the people from destruction. This shows the power of sincere prayer and Moshe's role as an intercessor for the Jewish people.
Q: Why was Hashem angry with Bnei Yisrael in this verse?
A: Hashem was angry because Bnei Yisrael committed the grave sin of worshipping the Golden Calf (עגל הזהב) shortly after receiving the Torah at Har Sinai (Mount Sinai). This was a betrayal of their covenant with Hashem, as explained in Rashi and the Talmud (Sanhedrin 102a). Moshe's prayer averted severe punishment.
Q: What can we learn from Moshe's prayer in this verse?
A: We learn the importance of praying for others, especially during times of crisis. Moshe did not give up on Bnei Yisrael despite their sin. The Midrash (Devarim Rabbah 3:11) teaches that Moshe's selfless dedication serves as a model for leaders and all Jews to advocate for one another through prayer and action.
Q: How does this verse apply to us today?
A: This verse reminds us that teshuva (repentance) and tefillah (prayer) can bring forgiveness even after serious mistakes. The Rambam (Hilchot Teshuva 1:3) explains that Hashem is always ready to accept sincere repentance, just as He accepted Moshe's prayers for Bnei Yisrael. We should never despair of Hashem's mercy.
Q: Why is Moshe's role in this verse important?
A: Moshe's role is crucial because he demonstrates the qualities of a true Jewish leader—compassion, courage, and unwavering faith in Hashem's mercy. As Rashi explains, Moshe risked his own spiritual standing to plead for Bnei Yisrael, showing that leaders must prioritize the welfare of the people over personal concerns.
Context in Devarim (Deuteronomy)
This verse (Devarim 9:19) is part of Moshe Rabbeinu's recounting of the events following the sin of the Golden Calf (עגל הזהב). Moshe describes his fear of Hashem's anger and his successful plea for mercy on behalf of Bnei Yisrael. The verse highlights both divine justice and Moshe's role as an intercessor.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (Devarim 9:19) explains that Moshe feared "the anger and hot displeasure" because Hashem had initially intended to annihilate Bnei Yisrael due to their grave sin. Moshe's fear was rooted in the severity of the decree, as hinted in Shemot 32:10, where Hashem tells Moshe, "Let Me alone, that I may destroy them." Rashi emphasizes that Moshe's prayer was so intense that he fasted for forty days and nights to achieve atonement for the people.
Rambam on Divine Anger
The Rambam (Moreh Nevuchim 1:36) discusses anthropomorphic language in the Torah, noting that phrases like "the anger and hot displeasure" are metaphorical descriptions of divine justice. Hashem's "anger" represents the natural consequences of violating Torah law, not human emotions. Moshe understood the gravity of the sin and its repercussions, hence his fear and urgent prayer.
Talmudic and Midrashic Insights
Theological Implications
This verse underscores key Jewish concepts: