Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the significance of the priestly garments described in Exodus 28:39?
A: The garments described in Exodus 28:39 were worn by the Kohen Gadol (High Priest) during his service in the Mishkan (Tabernacle) and later in the Beit Hamikdash (Temple). According to Rashi and the Talmud (Zevachim 17b), these garments were essential for the priestly service and brought atonement for different sins. The fine linen (shesh) symbolizes purity and sanctity, as the Kohen Gadol served as an intermediary between Hashem and the Jewish people.
Q: Why were the priestly garments made of fine linen (shesh)?
A: Fine linen (shesh) was chosen for the priestly garments because of its high quality and purity. The Midrash (Shemot Rabbah 38:8) explains that linen represents humility and righteousness, qualities necessary for the Kohen Gadol’s sacred duties. Additionally, the Rambam (Hilchot Klei Hamikdash 8:12) notes that these materials were used to honor and elevate the divine service.
Q: What was the purpose of the embroidered girdle (avnet) mentioned in this verse?
A: The avnet (girdle) was a belt worn by the Kohen Gadol to signify his readiness for service. The Talmud (Yoma 12a) teaches that it was embroidered with intricate designs, representing the beauty and dedication required in serving Hashem. Rashi explains that the girdle also served as a reminder of humility, as it was tied around the waist, the lower part of the body.
Q: How do the priestly garments apply to us today?
A: Although we no longer have the Beit Hamikdash, the principles behind the priestly garments still teach us important lessons. The emphasis on fine materials (shesh) reminds us to approach mitzvot with dignity and care. The embroidered girdle (avnet) symbolizes the need for humility and devotion in serving Hashem, even in our daily lives. The Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 99) explains that these details inspire us to elevate our actions with holiness.
Q: What does the mitznefet (mitre) represent in this verse?
A: The mitznefet (mitre) was a turban worn by the Kohen Gadol on his head. According to the Talmud (Zevachim 88b), it atoned for arrogance, teaching that leadership requires humility. Rashi (Exodus 28:39) notes that its fine linen material (shesh) reflected the Kohen Gadol’s elevated spiritual status while reminding him to remain humble before Hashem.
The Garments of the Kohen
The verse (Shemot 28:39) describes three essential garments of the Kohen Gadol (High Priest): the ketonet (tunic), the mitznefet (turban), and the avnet (sash). These garments, made of shesh (fine linen), symbolize purity and sanctity in the service of Hashem.
Interpretation of the Materials
Rashi explains that shesh refers to linen spun from six-ply threads, emphasizing the meticulous craftsmanship required for the sacred garments. The Ibn Ezra adds that this material was chosen for its durability and elegance, befitting the honor of the divine service.
Symbolism of the Garments
The Craftsmanship: "Ma'aseh Rokem"
The phrase ma'aseh rokem (work of an embroiderer) is interpreted by the Malbim as requiring intricate, artistic skill. The Kli Yakar emphasizes that this embroidery was not merely decorative but contained profound spiritual meaning, weaving together the physical and metaphysical aspects of the Kohen's role.