Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does 'a sweet savour' mean in Exodus 29:18?
A: The phrase 'a sweet savour' (רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ) refers to the pleasing aroma of the burnt offering ascending to Hashem. Rashi explains that this symbolizes the Israelites' complete devotion and submission to G-d, as the entire ram is consumed on the altar. The 'sweet savour' represents G-d's acceptance of their sincere service.
Q: Why was the whole ram burned in Exodus 29:18?
A: The entire ram was burned as a 'burnt offering' (עֹלָה), which differs from other sacrifices where parts are eaten. Rambam (Hilchot Ma'aseh HaKorbanot) teaches that the עֹלָה is entirely devoted to G-d, symbolizing total dedication. This act was especially significant during the consecration of the Kohanim (priests), showing their complete commitment to serving Hashem.
Q: What is the significance of the burnt offering in Judaism today?
A: Although the Temple is not standing today and we cannot bring sacrifices, the concept of עֹלָה teaches us about complete dedication to G-d. The Talmud (Menachot 110a) states that studying the laws of sacrifices substitutes for bringing them. Additionally, our prayers (תפילה) and acts of kindness are compared to offerings, as Hosea 14:3 says, 'We shall offer the words of our lips instead of calves.'
Q: How does Exodus 29:18 relate to the Mishkan (Tabernacle)?
A: This verse is part of the consecration process for the Mishkan and the Kohanim (Exodus 29). The Midrash (Tanchuma Tzav 14) explains that the burnt offerings helped sanctify the altar and the priests for divine service. The 'sweet savour' signified that the Mishkan was now a fitting place for the Shechinah (Divine Presence) to dwell among Israel.
Q: What lesson can we learn from the 'offering made by fire' in this verse?
A: The אִשֶּׁה (offering made by fire) teaches that serving Hashem requires passion and warmth. The Sforno notes that fire represents the enthusiasm one should have in divine service. Just as the fire completely transforms the offering, we should strive to elevate our actions with sincerity and fervor in our relationship with G-d.
The Meaning of the Olah Offering
The verse describes the olah (burnt offering) of the ram, which is entirely consumed on the altar. Rashi explains that the term olah (עֹלָה) signifies that the offering "ascends" (olah meaning "goes up") entirely to Hashem, as no part of it is eaten by humans. This distinguishes it from other sacrifices, such as the shelamim (peace offering), where portions are consumed by the kohanim and the offerer.
Reiach Nichoach – A Pleasing Scent
The phrase reiach nichoach (רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ) is often translated as "a sweet savour," but Ramban (Nachmanides) explains that it does not mean that Hashem literally enjoys a scent. Rather, it symbolizes the acceptance of the worshiper's sincere devotion. The Talmud (Menachot 110a) teaches that whether one offers much or little, what matters is that the heart is directed toward Heaven.
The Significance of the Ram
This verse appears in the context of the consecration of the kohanim (Exodus 29), where the ram serves as a key component of their initiation. The Midrash (Shemot Rabbah 37:4) connects this ram to the binding of Yitzchak (Akeidat Yitzchak), where a ram was ultimately offered in place of Yitzchak. Thus, the ram symbolizes dedication and submission to Hashem's will.
Ishsheh LaHashem – A Fire Offering to Hashem
The phrase ishsheh LaHashem (אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה) emphasizes that the offering is given over to Hashem through fire. The Rambam (Hilchot Maaseh HaKorbanot 1:1) explains that the burning of the offering on the altar represents the complete surrender of the worshiper’s material possessions to divine service, reinforcing the idea that the offering is not for human benefit but solely for the sake of Heaven.