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Exodus 38:13 - Eastward Tabernacle boundary significance?

Exodus 38:13 - שמות 38:13

Hebrew Text

וְלִפְאַת קֵדְמָה מִזְרָחָה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה׃

English Translation

And for the east side eastward fifty cubits.

Transliteration

Velif'at kedma mizracha chamishim ama.

Hebrew Leining Text

וְלִפְאַ֛ת קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָ֖חָה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמָּֽה׃
וְלִפְאַ֛ת קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָ֖חָה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמָּֽה׃

🎵 Listen to leining

Parasha Commentary

Context in the Torah

The verse "וְלִפְאַת קֵדְמָה מִזְרָחָה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה" (And for the east side eastward fifty cubits) appears in Shemot (Exodus) 27:13, within the detailed instructions for constructing the Mishkan (Tabernacle). This specific measurement pertains to the dimensions of the courtyard surrounding the Mishkan.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi comments on this verse by clarifying that the eastern side of the courtyard was to be 50 cubits wide, matching the width of the western side (as stated in the previous verse, Exodus 27:12). He emphasizes the symmetry in the Mishkan's design, reflecting the precision required in fulfilling Hashem's commandments. Rashi also notes that the eastern side held particular significance as it faced the direction of the sunrise, symbolizing renewal and divine presence.

Symbolism of the East

The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 2:10) elaborates on the spiritual significance of the east (kedem or mizrach), connecting it to:

  • Creation: The sun rises in the east, representing the dawn of creation and Hashem's ongoing renewal of the world.
  • Avraham Avinu: The east is linked to Avraham, who hailed from the east (Ur Kasdim) and brought monotheism to the world, much like the Mishkan's purpose.
  • Future Redemption: Some commentaries (e.g., Malbim) suggest the east alludes to the eventual coming of Mashiach, as redemption is often associated with light breaking forth.

Halachic Implications

The Rambam (Hilchot Beit HaBechirah 1:4) derives from these measurements the importance of exactness in constructing sacred spaces. The 50-cubit width was not arbitrary but reflected divine wisdom, teaching that even the physical layout of holiness must adhere to meticulous standards.

Practical Lessons

The Kli Yakar highlights that the eastward orientation reminds us to:

  • Always face toward spiritual growth ("kedem" also means "forward").
  • Structure our lives with balance and symmetry, as modeled by the Mishkan's design.
  • Recognize that physical boundaries (like the courtyard's dimensions) create space for holiness to dwell.

📚 Talmud Citations

This verse is not quoted in the Talmud.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What does 'the east side eastward fifty cubits' mean in Exodus 38:13?
A: This verse describes the measurements of the courtyard surrounding the Mishkan (Tabernacle). The east side was 50 cubits (approximately 75 feet) long, marking the boundary of the sacred space. Rashi explains that these precise measurements were given by Hashem to ensure the Mishkan's proper construction.
Q: Why is the east side of the Mishkan mentioned specifically in this verse?
A: The east side is significant because it faced the entrance to the Mishkan's courtyard (Exodus 27:13-16). The Midrash teaches that the east direction is associated with divine light and renewal, as the sun rises in the east. This orientation held spiritual importance in the Tabernacle's design.
Q: How long is a 'cubit' (amah) in modern measurements?
A: According to traditional Jewish sources like the Rambam, a cubit (amah) is approximately 18 inches (45-48 cm), based on the average length of a person's forearm. However, some opinions in the Talmud (Eruvin 3b) discuss slightly different measurements, with the 'Tefach' (handbreadth) being the base unit.
Q: What practical lesson can we learn from the precise measurements of the Mishkan?
A: The Talmud (Eruvin 2b) derives from these measurements that precision and attention to detail are essential when performing mitzvot. Just as the Mishkan required exact dimensions, we learn to approach Torah commandments with care and exactness in our daily lives.
Q: Does this verse about the Mishkan's measurements have any relevance today?
A: Yes. While we no longer have the Mishkan, the Midrash teaches that these details remain eternally significant. The measurements remind us that holiness requires boundaries (like the 50-cubit limit) and that our homes should emulate the Mishkan's sanctity by being places of Torah and mitzvot.