Exodus 39:17 - Golden chains connect holiness.

The Golden Chains and the Choshen (Breastplate)

The verse describes the placement of the two golden chains (avotot zahav) onto the rings at the ends of the Choshen (breastplate) worn by the Kohen Gadol (High Priest). According to Rashi (Shemot 28:14), these chains were intricately woven, resembling the braiding of a rope, and were used to securely fasten the Choshen to the Ephod (the apron-like garment).

Symbolism of the Chains

The Rambam (Hilchos Klei HaMikdash 9:7) explains that the chains served both a practical and symbolic purpose. Practically, they ensured the Choshen remained firmly attached to the Ephod, preventing it from moving during service. Symbolically, the gold chains represented the unbreakable bond between the Jewish people and the Divine Presence, as the Choshen contained the Urim v'Tumim, through which divine messages were conveyed.

Connection Between the Choshen and Ephod

The Talmud (Yoma 72a) teaches that the Choshen and Ephod were inseparable, much like the connection between Torah (represented by the Choshen) and action (represented by the Ephod). The golden chains thus symbolize the unity of wisdom and deed, ensuring that Torah study leads to righteous conduct.

Midrashic Interpretation

The Midrash Tanchuma (Tetzaveh 10) elaborates that the two chains allude to the dual crowns of Torah and priesthood, which were bestowed upon the Jewish people. The gold signifies the purity and sanctity required of those who serve in the Mishkan (Tabernacle) and later the Beit HaMikdash (Temple).

Structural Details

• Material: The chains were made of pure gold, emphasizing the sanctity of the Choshen (Shemot 28:22).
• Placement: They were attached to the rings on the upper corners of the Choshen, linking it to the shoulder straps of the Ephod (Rashi, Shemot 28:25).
• Function: They ensured the Choshen would not slip or become dislodged during the Kohen Gadol’s service (Rambam, Hilchos Klei HaMikdash 9:7).