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Exodus 40:2 - New moon, new Divine dwelling.

Exodus 40:2 - שמות 40:2

Hebrew Text

בְּיוֹם־הַחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ תָּקִים אֶת־מִשְׁכַּן אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃

English Translation

On the first day of the first month shalt thou set up the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting.

Transliteration

B'yom ha-chodesh ha-rishon b'echad la-chodesh takim et-mishkan ohel mo'ed.

Hebrew Leining Text

בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ תָּקִ֕ים אֶת־מִשְׁכַּ֖ן אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃
בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ תָּקִ֕ים אֶת־מִשְׁכַּ֖ן אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃

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Parasha Commentary

Context and Significance of the Verse

The verse (Shemot 40:2) commands the establishment of the Mishkan (Tabernacle) on the first day of the month of Nisan. According to Rashi, this date was chosen because it was the first day of the year for counting the reigns of kings and for festivals (Rosh Hashanah 2a). The Mishkan's inauguration on this day symbolizes renewal and the beginning of a new era for Bnei Yisrael as they transition from a nomadic existence to a settled nation with a central place of worship.

The Timing of the Mishkan's Erection

Ramban (Nachmanides) explains that the first of Nisan was significant because it marked the completion of the Mishkan's construction, which had begun months earlier. The Midrash Tanchuma (Pekudei 11) emphasizes that this date was divinely ordained to parallel Creation itself—just as the world was created for the sake of Israel, the Mishkan was established as a microcosm of the universe, with its components symbolizing different aspects of creation.

The Mishkan as a Continuation of Har Sinai

The Talmud (Megillah 29b) teaches that the Mishkan was a continuation of the revelation at Har Sinai, where the Shechinah (Divine Presence) dwelled among the people. The Sforno notes that the phrase "Ohel Moed" (Tent of Meeting) underscores this idea, as it was the place where Hashem would meet with Moshe and communicate with Bnei Yisrael, just as He had at Sinai.

Practical and Spiritual Preparation

  • Unity in Construction: The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 12:16) highlights that the Mishkan was built through the collective efforts of all of Israel, symbolizing unity in avodas Hashem (service of G-d).
  • Spiritual Renewal: The Kli Yakar explains that the first of Nisan was chosen to inspire teshuvah (repentance) and spiritual renewal, aligning with the theme of redemption associated with the upcoming holiday of Pesach.

Symbolism of the First Month

The Or HaChaim connects the timing to the Exodus, noting that Nisan is the month of redemption. By establishing the Mishkan in Nisan, Bnei Yisrael reaffirmed their commitment to Hashem as their Redeemer. The Mishkan thus became a physical manifestation of their bond with Him, just as their liberation from Egypt had been.

📚 Talmud Citations

This verse is quoted in the Talmud.

📖 Megillah 10a
The verse is referenced in the context of discussing the timing of the erection of the Tabernacle and its significance in Jewish history.
📖 Sotah 9a
Mentioned in relation to the dedication of the Tabernacle and the role of the princes of Israel in bringing offerings.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What does Exodus 40:2 mean?
A: This verse commands the Jewish people to erect the Mishkan (Tabernacle) on the 1st of Nissan. Rashi explains that this was exactly one year after the Exodus from Egypt, showing how quickly the nation transitioned from slavery to building a dwelling place for the Divine Presence.
Q: Why was the Mishkan set up specifically on the 1st of Nissan?
A: The Midrash teaches that Nissan is considered the 'first of months' (Exodus 12:2) and represents renewal. Ramban explains that establishing the Mishkan in Nissan - the month of redemption - connects our physical freedom with spiritual elevation through serving Hashem in His sanctuary.
Q: What is the significance of the Mishkan being called 'Ohel Moed' (Tent of Meeting)?
A: The Talmud (Yoma 72b) explains 'Ohel Moed' means it was the place where Hashem would meet with Moshe and communicate with the Jewish people. Rashi adds that 'Moed' also implies appointed times, as the Mishkan was central to all holiday services and offerings.
Q: How does this verse apply to us today without the Mishkan?
A: The Rambam teaches that while we don't have the physical Mishkan, every synagogue is considered a 'Mikdash Me'at' (minor sanctuary). Just as the Mishkan was erected with care on the 1st of Nissan, we should approach our places of prayer with similar reverence and preparation.
Q: Why does the Torah specify the exact date for setting up the Mishkan?
A: The Sforno explains that precise timing teaches us that spiritual milestones require planning and cannot be left to chance. The date also commemorates the dedication of the Mishkan, which the Talmud (Shabbat 87b) connects to the beginning of the priestly service and the first communal offerings.