Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Genesis 17:13 mean?
A: Genesis 17:13 teaches that every Jewish male must be circumcised (have a 'brit milah'), including those born into a Jewish household or acquired as servants. This mitzvah (commandment) establishes an eternal covenant between Hashem (G-d) and the Jewish people, symbolized by the physical act of circumcision.
Q: Why is circumcision so important in Judaism?
A: Circumcision ('brit milah') is a foundational mitzvah in Judaism, as it represents our eternal covenant with Hashem. The Rambam (Maimonides) explains in Mishneh Torah (Hilchot Milah) that it is one of the most important commandments, marking our unique relationship with G-d. The Talmud (Nedarim 31b) also states that circumcision is so significant that without it, one cannot fully partake in the spiritual rewards of the Torah.
Q: Does Genesis 17:13 apply to converts to Judaism?
A: Yes, according to Orthodox Jewish tradition, male converts to Judaism must undergo circumcision as part of their conversion process. The verse includes 'he that is bought with thy money,' which our sages interpret as referring to converts (see Rashi on Genesis 17:13). The Talmud (Yevamot 46a) confirms that circumcision is essential for conversion.
Q: What is the significance of the 'everlasting covenant' mentioned in this verse?
A: The 'everlasting covenant' ('brit olam') refers to the unbreakable bond between Hashem and the Jewish people through the mitzvah of circumcision. The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 46:9) explains that this covenant is so enduring that even when Jews were exiled or faced persecution, they maintained this practice. It symbolizes our eternal commitment to Hashem's commandments.
Q: How does this verse apply to Jewish households today?
A: Today, Orthodox Jewish families continue to fulfill this commandment by circumcising their sons on the eighth day after birth, as derived from Genesis 17:12. The Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De'ah 260) codifies the laws of brit milah, emphasizing its importance. This mitzvah remains a central Jewish practice, connecting each generation to our ancestors' covenant with Hashem.
The Commandment of Circumcision
The verse (Genesis 17:13) emphasizes the obligation to circumcise both those born into a Jewish household and those acquired through purchase, reinforcing the eternal nature of the covenant of brit milah (circumcision). Rashi explains that this commandment applies not only to Abraham's immediate household but extends to all future generations, as the covenant is everlasting (l'brit olam). The phrase "בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם" ("in your flesh") signifies that the covenant is physically marked upon the body, symbolizing an unbreakable bond between Hashem and the Jewish people.
Inclusion of Servants and Household Members
The Rambam (Hilchot Milah 1:7) elaborates that the obligation to circumcise slaves and household members underscores the idea that those under Jewish authority must also participate in the mitzvot. The Talmud (Yevamot 46a) discusses how this requirement facilitates their full integration into the Jewish community, as circumcision is a prerequisite for conversion. The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 46:2) further teaches that Abraham diligently fulfilled this mitzvah immediately, demonstrating his unwavering commitment to Hashem's commandments.
The Eternal Nature of the Covenant
The phrase "לִבְרִית עוֹלָם" ("for an everlasting covenant") is interpreted by the Sforno as a promise that the covenant will never be nullified, even in times of exile or spiritual decline. The Or HaChaim adds that the physical act of circumcision serves as a constant reminder of the Jewish people's unique relationship with Hashem, transcending time and circumstance. This eternal bond is reaffirmed in every generation through the fulfillment of brit milah.
Key Teachings from Orthodox Commentators