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Genesis 17:4 - Eternal promise to Avraham's descendants

Genesis 17:4 - בראשית 17:4

Hebrew Text

אֲנִי הִנֵּה בְרִיתִי אִתָּךְ וְהָיִיתָ לְאַב הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם׃

English Translation

As for Me, behold, My covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations.

Transliteration

Ani hineh briti itach vehayita le'av hamon goyim.

Hebrew Leining Text

אֲנִ֕י הִנֵּ֥ה בְרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ וְהָיִ֕יתָ לְאַ֖ב הֲמ֥וֹן גּוֹיִֽם׃
אֲנִ֕י הִנֵּ֥ה בְרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ וְהָיִ֕יתָ לְאַ֖ב הֲמ֥וֹן גּוֹיִֽם׃

🎵 Listen to leining

Parasha Commentary

The Covenant with Avraham

The verse "אֲנִי הִנֵּה בְרִיתִי אִתָּךְ וְהָיִיתָ לְאַב הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם" (Bereishit 17:4) marks a pivotal moment in the relationship between Hashem and Avraham Avinu. Rashi explains that this covenant signifies a transformation—not only in Avraham's personal destiny but in the spiritual legacy he would impart to future generations. The term "אַב הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם" ("father of many nations") reflects Avraham's role as the progenitor of both the Jewish people and other nations descended from him (e.g., through Yishmael and Esav).

The Nature of the Covenant

Rambam (Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 1:3) emphasizes that this covenant establishes Avraham as the spiritual father of monotheism. The ברית (covenant) includes:

  • The promise of progeny—both physical and spiritual (as seen in the Jewish people's eternal bond with Hashem).
  • The introduction of the mitzvah of ברית מילה (circumcision), which becomes the physical sign of this covenant (Bereishit 17:10-11).

Midrashic Insights

The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 46:4) elaborates that Avraham's name change from אברם to אברהם reflects his expanded role. The letter ה added to his name symbolizes his inclusion of all humanity in the knowledge of Hashem. The Sages teach that this verse underscores Avraham's mission to spread divine unity, making him a "father" not just biologically but spiritually to converts and seekers of truth.

Theological Implications

The Kli Yakar highlights that the phrase "הִנֵּה בְרִיתִי אִתָּךְ" ("My covenant is with thee") stresses the personal and eternal nature of this bond. Unlike temporary covenants with other nations, this one is irrevocable, as later affirmed by the prophets (e.g., Yirmiyahu 31:36). Avraham's descendants inherit this covenant through Torah observance, ensuring its continuity.

📚 Talmud Citations

This verse is quoted in the Talmud.

📖 Berakhot 13a
The verse is discussed in the context of the covenant between God and Abraham, emphasizing the significance of the name change from Abram to Abraham as a sign of this covenant.
📖 Nedarim 32a
The verse is referenced in a discussion about the merits of Abraham and the nature of the covenant, highlighting his role as the father of many nations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What does 'father of many nations' mean in Genesis 17:4?
A: In Genesis 17:4, Hashem tells Avraham that he will be the father of many nations ('av hamon goyim'). According to Rashi, this refers not only to the Jewish people (descendants of Yitzchak) but also to other nations through Yishmael and the children of Keturah (Avraham's later wife). The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah) explains that Avraham's spiritual influence would extend beyond his immediate family, shaping future generations.
Q: Why is the covenant with Avraham important in Judaism?
A: The covenant with Avraham (Brit Bein HaBetarim) is foundational in Judaism because it establishes the eternal bond between Hashem and the Jewish people. The Rambam (Hilchot Melachim) teaches that this covenant includes the promise of the Land of Israel, the continuity of Avraham's descendants, and the transmission of monotheism. This covenant is reaffirmed throughout the Torah and is the basis for many mitzvot.
Q: How does Genesis 17:4 apply to Jews today?
A: Genesis 17:4 reminds Jews today of their spiritual legacy as descendants of Avraham. The Talmud (Pesachim 88a) explains that we inherit Avraham's mission to spread awareness of Hashem in the world. Just as Avraham was a 'father of nations' through his teachings and kindness (as described in Midrash Tanchuma), Jews today are called to live as a 'light unto the nations' (Isaiah 42:6) by upholding Torah values.
Q: What was the sign of the covenant mentioned in Genesis 17?
A: The sign of the covenant (Brit Milah) is circumcision, as stated later in Genesis 17:10-14. The Rambam (Hilchot Milah) explains that this physical sign represents the spiritual bond between Hashem and the Jewish people. The Talmud (Nedarim 32a) teaches that circumcision completes the human body, elevating it for divine service, just as Avraham dedicated his life to serving Hashem.