Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Genesis 20:6 mean when it says God prevented Avimelech from sinning?
A: In Genesis 20:6, Hashem speaks to Avimelech in a dream, telling him that He prevented Avimelech from sinning with Sarah (Avraham's wife) because Avimelech acted with innocence ('temimut lev'). Rashi explains that Hashem restrained Avimelech through a miracle, making him physically unable to approach Sarah, thus protecting both Avimelech's integrity and Sarah's honor.
Q: Why is the phrase 'temimut lev' (integrity of heart) important in Genesis 20:6?
A: The term 'temimut lev' (integrity of heart) shows that Avimelech acted without malicious intent when taking Sarah, as he was unaware she was married. The Rambam teaches that Hashem judges people based on their intentions. Here, Avimelech's sincere but mistaken actions were acknowledged, and Hashem intervened to prevent a greater sin.
Q: How does Genesis 20:6 teach us about Divine Providence (Hashgacha Pratit)?
A: This verse demonstrates Hashgacha Pratit (Divine Providence) by showing how Hashem actively intervenes to protect righteousness. The Talmud (Chullin 7b) states that Hashem prevents even unintended sins for those who strive to do good. Here, Avimelech's ignorance could have led to sin, but Hashem safeguarded him due to his sincere heart.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Avimelech in Genesis 20:6?
A: The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 52:5) highlights that Avimelech's story teaches the importance of sincere intentions and accountability. Even when mistakes happen, Hashem recognizes purity of heart. This encourages us to always examine our motives and trust that Hashem guides those who seek righteousness.
Q: Why did Hashem speak to Avimelech in a dream in Genesis 20:6?
A: The Talmud (Berachot 55b) explains that dreams are a lower form of prophecy, often used to communicate with non-Jews (like Avimelech) or those not on the level of full prophecy. Here, Hashem used a dream to correct Avimelech gently, showing that Divine communication adapts to the recipient's spiritual level.
Context of the Verse
This verse (Bereshit 20:6) appears in the narrative where Avimelech, king of Gerar, takes Sarah after Avraham introduces her as his sister. Hashem appears to Avimelech in a dream, warning him that Sarah is Avraham's wife and that he must return her to avoid severe consequences. The verse reflects Hashem's acknowledgment of Avimelech's innocence in this matter.
Explanation of the Text
The phrase "בְּתָם־לְבָבְךָ" ("in the integrity of thy heart") indicates that Avimelech acted without malicious intent, as Rashi explains: Avimelech genuinely believed Sarah was unmarried and thus acted in good faith. The Talmud (Chullin 95b) discusses the concept of תֹּם לֵבָב (integrity of heart) in halachic contexts, emphasizing sincere intention even in error.
Hashem states "וָאֶחְשֹׂךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִי אוֹתְךָ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִי" ("I also withheld thee from sinning against Me"), which the Ramban interprets as divine intervention preventing Avimelech from transgressing. This reflects the principle of סִיַּעְתָּא דִשְׁמַיָּא (Heavenly assistance) granted to those who act with pure motives, even unknowingly.
Key Insights from Commentators
Moral and Theological Implications
The verse teaches that Hashem judges actions based on both deeds and intent (כַּוָנָה). Avimelech's case shows that unintended sins may still carry consequences, but sincere repentance (as seen in Avimelech's subsequent actions) can mitigate them. The Midrash (Bereshit Rabbah 52:6) connects this to the broader theme of divine mercy even toward those outside Bnei Yisrael when they act justly.