Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does it mean that Yaakov 'outwitted' Lavan?
A: The verse (Genesis 31:20) states that Yaakov 'outwitted' (וַיִּגְנֹב) Lavan by not telling him he was leaving. Rashi explains that this refers to Yaakov acting discreetly and wisely, not deceitfully. Since Lavan had previously changed Yaakov's wages unfairly (Genesis 31:7), Yaakov was justified in leaving without announcing his departure to avoid further conflict.
Q: Why did Yaakov flee from Lavan without telling him?
A: According to the Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 74:5), Yaakov left secretly because he feared Lavan would try to stop him or harm him. The Ramban (Nachmanides) adds that Yaakov acted prudently since Lavan had proven untrustworthy in their dealings. Hashem also instructed Yaakov to return to Canaan (Genesis 31:3), so his departure was justified.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Yaakov's actions with Lavan?
A: The Talmud (Chullin 91b) derives from this episode that one should avoid unnecessary conflict when possible. Yaakov didn't confront Lavan directly to prevent escalation. However, the Torah also teaches that one must act with integrity—Yaakov didn't steal from Lavan but took only what was rightfully his (Genesis 31:38-42). This balance of wisdom and righteousness is a key lesson.
Q: Why is Lavan called 'the Aramean' in this verse?
A: Rashi notes that Lavan is called 'the Aramean' (הָאֲרַמִּי) here to emphasize his deceitful character—Arameans were known for cunning behavior (as seen earlier with Lavan substituting Leah for Rachel). The title reminds us that despite being family, Lavan's actions were dishonest, justifying Yaakov's cautious departure.
Q: How does this verse relate to Jewish history?
A: The Passover Haggadah references Lavan as a greater threat than Pharaoh, as he tried to destroy Yaakov's family spiritually (by idolatry) and physically (through oppression). This verse highlights Hashem's protection—Yaakov fled safely, ensuring the future of the Jewish people. The Sages teach that this event foreshadowed later exiles and redemptions in Jewish history.
Understanding the Verse
The verse (Bereishit 31:20) states that Yaakov "outwitted" (וַיִּגְנֹב) Lavan by not informing him of his departure. The term וַיִּגְנֹב is often translated as "stole," but in this context, Rashi explains that it means Yaakov acted with cunning or secrecy, not literal theft. The verse emphasizes that Yaakov did not reveal his plans to flee, which allowed him to leave without Lavan's interference.
Rashi's Commentary
Rashi (Bereishit 31:20) clarifies that Yaakov did not deceive Lavan outright but rather acted discreetly to avoid confrontation. He notes that the term וַיִּגְנֹב refers to Yaakov "stealing the heart" of Lavan—meaning he concealed his intentions. Rashi further explains that Yaakov was justified in this action because Lavan had proven untrustworthy and would have tried to prevent Yaakov from leaving with his family and possessions.
Rambam's Perspective
Rambam (Hilchot De'ot 2:6) discusses the ethical boundaries of deception. While generally discouraging dishonesty, he acknowledges that there are situations where concealment or strategic omission is permissible—particularly when dealing with someone who acts in bad faith. Yaakov's behavior aligns with this principle, as Lavan had repeatedly changed Yaakov's wages (Bereishit 31:7) and could not be relied upon to act fairly.
Midrashic Insights
The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 74:5) elaborates on Yaakov's decision to leave secretly, comparing it to the actions of other biblical figures who fled from danger (e.g., Moshe from Pharaoh). It emphasizes that Yaakov acted with divine guidance, as Hashem had instructed him to return to Eretz Yisrael (Bereishit 31:3). The Midrash also highlights Lavan's deceitful nature, justifying Yaakov's caution.
Halachic Implications
Conclusion
Yaakov's actions reflect a nuanced ethical stance: while honesty is ideal, there are circumstances where discretion is necessary for self-protection and fulfilling divine will. Traditional commentators unanimously justify Yaakov's behavior given Lavan's untrustworthiness and the divine directive to return to Eretz Yisrael.