Genesis 32:20 - Preparing for Esav's encounter wisely

Context of the Verse

This verse (Bereshit 32:20) describes Yaakov Avinu's preparations for his encounter with Esav. After sending a lavish gift of livestock ahead to appease his brother, Yaakov instructs each group of servants delivering the animals to repeat the same message to Esav when they meet him. This strategy reflects Yaakov's wisdom in diplomacy and his efforts to avoid conflict.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi notes that Yaakov specifically commanded the second, third, and all subsequent groups to deliver the same message to Esav. This repetition ensured consistency in communication and demonstrated Yaakov's humility—each group was to present the gifts as if they came directly from Yaakov himself, emphasizing his desire for reconciliation.

Rambam's Perspective on Diplomacy

Rambam (Hilchot De'ot 6:7) teaches that peaceful relations between people should be pursued with wisdom and tact. Yaakov's approach aligns with this principle—he carefully orchestrated the encounter by sending multiple waves of gifts and identical messages to soften Esav's heart. This demonstrates the Torah's endorsement of strategic peacemaking.

Midrashic Insights

• Bereishit Rabbah (76:3): The Midrash highlights that Yaakov's use of the word "גַּם" (also) three times alludes to his awareness of Esav's threefold claim against him (the birthright, the blessings, and the land). By sending three groups, Yaakov addressed each grievance symbolically.
• Midrash Tanchuma (Vayishlach 4): The repetition of the message teaches that when seeking peace, one must be persistent and consistent in their efforts, as Yaakov was.

Chizkuni's Commentary

Chizkuni explains that Yaakov instructed each group to speak "כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה" (in this manner) to ensure that Esav would hear the same respectful and conciliatory words repeatedly. This would reinforce the sincerity of Yaakov's intentions and increase the likelihood of a peaceful resolution.

Practical Lesson in Conflict Resolution

The verse illustrates key principles in conflict resolution according to Torah values:

• Humility: Yaakov refers to himself as Esav's servant (as seen in the broader context), showing deference despite his rightful blessings.
• Preparation: Yaakov did not rely on miracles alone but took practical steps to mitigate danger.
• Consistency: Repeating the same message through multiple messengers ensured clarity and sincerity.