Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Who is the 'young man' referred to in Genesis 34:19?
A: The 'young man' is Shechem, the son of Chamor the Chivvite (as mentioned in Genesis 34:2). Rashi explains that he was called a 'young man' (נַעַר) to indicate his impulsive and immature behavior, despite being from a prominent family.
Q: Why does the verse say Shechem 'did not delay' to do the thing?
A: According to Rashi and Midrashic sources, Shechem acted hastily because of his strong desire for Dinah, Yaakov's daughter. His lack of restraint and impulsive actions led to tragic consequences, teaching the importance of self-control and proper conduct.
Q: What does it mean that Shechem was 'the most honored of all his father's house'?
A: The Ramban explains that Shechem held a high status in his family, possibly being the heir or most respected member. Despite his high standing, his moral failings (as seen in the surrounding narrative) show that honor and status do not necessarily reflect righteousness or good character.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Shechem's actions in this verse?
A: The Talmud (Sanhedrin 102a) teaches that acting on impulse, especially in matters of desire, often leads to sin and negative consequences. This verse serves as a warning about the dangers of letting passions override moral judgment and proper conduct.
Q: Why is Dinah referred to as 'Yaakov's daughter' in this verse?
A: Rashi notes that the Torah emphasizes her as 'Yaakov's daughter' to highlight the gravity of the offense - not only was she violated, but this was an affront to the entire family of Yaakov, who was a righteous and important figure. This connects to the broader consequences that follow in the narrative.
Context in the Torah
The verse (Bereishit 34:19) describes Shechem, the son of Chamor, who sought to marry Dinah, the daughter of Yaakov. The phrase "וְלֹא־אֵחַר הַנַּעַר לַעֲשׂוֹת הַדָּבָר" ("the young man did not delay to do the thing") refers to Shechem's immediate action to fulfill the condition set by Yaakov's sons—circumcision—in order to marry Dinah.
Rashi's Commentary
Rashi explains that Shechem acted swiftly because he was deeply infatuated with Dinah ("כִּי חָפֵץ בְּבַת־יַעֲקֹב"). His haste demonstrates the power of his desire, which overrode any hesitation. Rashi also notes that Shechem was "נִכְבָּד מִכֹּל בֵּית אָבִיו" ("the most honored of all his father’s house"), indicating his high status, which made his actions particularly significant in the eyes of his people.
Ibn Ezra's Insight
Ibn Ezra emphasizes that Shechem's honor and status ("נִכְבָּד") made his compliance with circumcision a persuasive example for the rest of his household and city. His willingness to undergo circumcision—despite its pain and cultural significance—shows the extent of his attachment to Dinah.
Midrashic Interpretation (Bereishit Rabbah)
The Midrash highlights the irony in Shechem's actions. Despite his high standing, his impulsive behavior ("וְלֹא־אֵחַר") led him to act without proper consideration of the consequences. The Midrash contrasts this with the measured and deliberate actions of righteous individuals, who weigh their decisions carefully.
Moral Lesson