Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the context of Genesis 34:23?
A: Genesis 34:23 is part of the story of Shechem and Dinah. The sons of Jacob (Shimon and Levi) deceive the men of Shechem by suggesting that if they circumcise themselves, they can intermarry with Jacob's family. This verse records the words of Shechem and his father Hamor, who argue that by agreeing to this, Jacob's family's possessions and livestock would ultimately benefit them.
Q: Why did Shechem and Hamor say 'their cattle and substance will be ours'?
A: Shechem and Hamor were trying to persuade their people to accept the deal with Jacob's family by appealing to material gain. Rashi explains that they were implying that through intermarriage, Jacob's wealth would eventually become theirs. However, this was deceptive, as Shimon and Levi had no intention of truly uniting with them (see Genesis 34:13).
Q: What lesson can we learn from this verse?
A: This verse teaches the danger of deceit and misplaced trust. The people of Shechem believed they would benefit materially, but they failed to recognize the true intentions of Shimon and Levi. The Talmud (Sanhedrin 102a) warns against making agreements based on greed or false promises, as they often lead to destruction.
Q: How does this verse relate to Jewish values?
A: Jewish tradition values honesty and condemns deception (Rambam, Hilchot De'ot 2:6). While Shimon and Levi acted out of zeal for their sister's honor (Genesis 34:31), Jacob later criticized their approach (Genesis 49:5-7). This verse reminds us that even when pursuing justice, one must be cautious of unethical methods.
Q: Why is this story important in the Torah?
A: This incident highlights the consequences of impulsive actions and the importance of proper judgment. The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 80:10) discusses how Jacob's family faced challenges due to this event. It serves as a lesson about the dangers of revenge and the need for measured responses in conflict.
Context of the Verse
This verse appears in Bereishit (Genesis) 34:23, spoken by Shechem and Chamor to the men of their city, attempting to persuade them to agree to circumcision so that the sons of Yaakov would permit intermarriage with their daughters. The verse reflects their argument that absorbing Yaakov's family would ultimately benefit them economically.
Literal Interpretation (Peshat)
Rashi explains that Shechem and Chamor presented a pragmatic argument: by intermarrying with Yaakov's family, all their wealth (מִקְנֵהֶם וְקִנְיָנָם—their livestock and possessions) would effectively become shared property. The phrase "הֲלוֹא לָנוּ הֵם" ("Shall they not be ours?") suggests that through this union, the economic assets of Yaakov's household would merge with theirs.
Moral and Ethical Implications (Derash)
The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 80:7) highlights the manipulative nature of this proposal. Shechem and Chamor framed their request as a mutual benefit, but their true intentions were selfish—seeking to exploit Yaakov's family for material gain. The Sages view this as a cautionary tale about deceptive alliances, where outward hospitality masks ulterior motives.
Halachic Perspective (Rambam)
Rambam (Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 10:6) references this episode when discussing the prohibition of intermarriage with idolatrous nations. The verse underscores the danger of assimilation, as economic and social integration can lead to spiritual compromise. The sons of Yaakov ultimately rejected this proposal, demonstrating the Torah's stance against such unions.
Key Lessons