Genesis 39:16 - False accusation's damning evidence?

Context of the Verse

The verse (Genesis 39:16) describes the actions of Potiphar's wife after she falsely accused Yosef (Joseph) of improper conduct. She kept his garment as "evidence" until Potiphar returned home. This incident follows her failed attempt to seduce Yosef, who fled, leaving his garment behind (Genesis 39:12).

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi explains that Potiphar's wife kept Yosef's garment "by her" (אֶצְלָהּ) to manipulate the situation. She waited until Potiphar returned so she could present the garment as proof of her fabricated claim. Rashi emphasizes her deceitful intent, as she used the garment to corroborate her false accusation against Yosef, who had acted righteously by fleeing from sin.

Midrashic Insights

• Midrash Tanchuma (Vayeishev 8): The Midrash highlights the contrast between Yosef's righteousness and Potiphar's wife's wickedness. While she sought to incriminate him, Yosef's commitment to moral integrity was unwavering, as seen in his earlier refusal (Genesis 39:8-9).
• Bereishit Rabbah (87:7): The garment symbolizes the temporary nature of Yosef's suffering. Just as the garment was taken from him unjustly, so too would his eventual rise to power rectify this injustice, demonstrating divine providence.

Halachic and Ethical Lessons

The Rambam (Hilchot Issurei Biah 22:18) derives from this episode the importance of fleeing from situations that may lead to sin, as Yosef did. The verse underscores the severity of false accusations (motzi shem ra) and the need for moral vigilance, even in the face of temptation or slander.

Symbolism of the Garment

Some commentators, like the Kli Yakar, note that the garment represents Yosef's external circumstances—temporarily in the hands of his accuser—while his inner righteousness remained intact. This foreshadows his eventual vindication and elevation in Egypt.