Genesis 46:32 - Shepherds: Israel's enduring legacy?

Context of the Verse

This verse (Genesis 46:32) appears in the narrative where Yaakov's family descends to Egypt. Yosef instructs his brothers to inform Pharaoh that they are shepherds, emphasizing their profession as a reason for settling in the land of Goshen, which was suitable for grazing.

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi explains that Yosef advised his brothers to highlight their shepherding background for two reasons:

• Distinct Identity: Shepherding was considered an abomination to the Egyptians (Genesis 46:34), which would ensure the brothers would remain separate from Egyptian society and avoid assimilation.
• Practical Necessity: Goshen's fertile pastures were ideal for their flocks, and Pharaoh would be more likely to grant them this land if he understood their occupation.

Rambam's Perspective

In Moreh Nevuchim (3:39), Rambam notes that shepherding was a lowly profession in Egyptian culture, as they worshipped certain animals. By emphasizing their role as shepherds, Bnei Yisrael would be seen as outsiders, preserving their unique identity and avoiding integration into Egyptian idolatrous practices.

Midrashic Insights

The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 95:4) elaborates that Yosef's strategy was divinely guided to ensure Bnei Yisrael would remain a distinct nation. By dwelling separately in Goshen, they could maintain their traditions and eventually leave Egypt as a unified people.

Halachic Implications

The Talmud (Chullin 5a) derives from this verse that shepherding is a legitimate and respected profession for Bnei Yisrael, as the Avot themselves engaged in it. This counters the Egyptian disdain for shepherds and reinforces the value of honest labor in Jewish tradition.

Symbolism of Shepherding

Commentators like the Kli Yakar highlight the spiritual parallel: Just as shepherds guide and protect their flocks, the descendants of Yaakov were destined to become leaders (shepherds) of humanity, guiding the world toward monotheism and ethical living.