Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why did Yaakov (Israel) ask 'Who are these?' when seeing Yosef's sons?
A: Rashi explains that Yaakov asked this because he wanted to bless Yosef's sons, but the Divine Presence departed from him when he saw that Yosef's sons, Ephraim and Menashe, had wicked descendants (like Yeravam from Ephraim and Yehu from Menashe). This caused him to momentarily not recognize them.
Q: What is the significance of Yaakov not recognizing Yosef's sons?
A: The Midrash teaches that this moment shows how even great leaders like Yaakov are affected by the future actions of their descendants. Yaakov's temporary inability to recognize them hints at the spiritual consequences of their future actions, emphasizing the importance of righteous behavior for future generations.
Q: How does this verse connect to the blessing Yaakov later gives to Ephraim and Menashe?
A: After Yosef reassures Yaakov that these are indeed his sons (Genesis 48:9), Yaakov proceeds to bless them. The Sages explain that despite Yaakov's initial hesitation, he ultimately blesses them with the famous words 'By you shall Yisrael bless, saying: May G-d make you like Ephraim and like Menashe' (Genesis 48:20), showing that every Jew has the potential for greatness regardless of their ancestors' mistakes.
Q: Why does the Torah mention Yaakov's eyesight in connection with this event?
A: The Torah states earlier (Genesis 48:10) that Yaakov's eyes were dim with age. The Talmud (Bava Basra 118a) connects this to our verse, teaching that physical sight and spiritual insight are related. Yaakov's physical blindness parallels his temporary spiritual 'blindness' to Yosef's sons' identities, showing how prophecy depends on clarity of vision.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Yaakov's interaction with Yosef's sons?
A: The Rambam teaches that this episode demonstrates how carefully our ancestors evaluated situations before giving blessings. Even when dealing with beloved family members, Yaakov paused to consider the spiritual implications. This teaches us the importance of thoughtful consideration before making important decisions or giving blessings to others.
Context of the Verse
The verse appears in Bereishit (Genesis) 48:8, where Yaakov (Yisrael) is about to bless Yosef’s sons, Ephraim and Menashe. The question "Who are these?" seems puzzling, as Yaakov had already met them earlier (Bereishit 48:1). Rashi and other commentators address this seeming contradiction.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (quoting Bereishit Rabbah 96:5) explains that Yaakov wished to bless Yosef’s sons but saw through ruach hakodesh (divine inspiration) that future wicked descendants—such as Yeravam ben Nevat and Achav—would descend from them. This caused him to hesitate, prompting his question. Yosef reassured him by presenting their ketubah (marriage document) and proving their legitimacy, demonstrating they were indeed his sons and worthy of blessing.
Midrashic Insights
Halachic and Ethical Lessons
The Rambam (Hilchot Berachot 11:4) derives from this episode that one should not bless another without proper intent and recognition of their worthiness. Yaakov’s caution teaches the importance of ensuring that blessings are given with full awareness and sincerity.
Symbolism of Ephraim and Menashe
The Ba’al HaTurim notes that Ephraim and Menashe represent the ideal of maintaining Jewish identity in exile (as they grew up in Egypt yet remained righteous). Yaakov’s blessing established them as tribal leaders, symbolizing resilience in foreign environments—a lesson for future generations.