Genesis 49:20 - Rich blessings from Asher

Explanation of the Verse

The verse "מֵאָשֵׁר שְׁמֵנָה לַחְמוֹ וְהוּא יִתֵּן מַעֲדַנֵּי־מֶלֶךְ" (Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties) is part of Yaakov Avinu's blessing to his son Asher (Bereishit 49:20). This blessing highlights the agricultural abundance and prosperity that would characterize the territory of Asher.

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi explains that "שְׁמֵנָה לַחְמוֹ" (his bread shall be fat) refers to the richness of Asher's land, which would produce high-quality wheat and oil. He cites the Talmud (Menachot 85b), which states that the region of Asher was known for its superior olive oil, so much so that it was fit for the Menorah in the Beit HaMikdash. The phrase "מַעֲדַנֵּי־מֶלֶךְ" (royal dainties) indicates that Asher's produce would be so exquisite that kings would desire it.

Ramban's Insight

The Ramban (Nachmanides) adds that this blessing was fulfilled historically, as the tribe of Asher settled in the fertile northern region of Eretz Yisrael, near the Galilee. The land's abundance allowed them to provide delicacies not only for themselves but also for neighboring kingdoms, aligning with the promise of "royal dainties."

Midrashic Interpretation

The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 98:17) elaborates that Asher's blessing extended beyond material wealth. It suggests that the tribe would also produce wise and learned individuals, as Torah study is compared to "fat bread" (שְׁמֵנָה)—nourishing and sustaining the soul. Thus, the verse alludes to both physical and spiritual prosperity.

Key Themes

• Agricultural Blessing: Asher's land would be exceptionally fertile, yielding rich produce like olive oil and fine wheat.
• Royal Recognition: The quality of Asher's goods would be sought after by kings, symbolizing honor and prestige.
• Spiritual Parallel: The "fat bread" can also represent Torah wisdom, indicating that Asher would contribute to the spiritual nourishment of Klal Yisrael.