Leviticus 14:23 - Eighth day's purification ritual

Context and Source

The verse (Vayikra 14:23) appears in the Torah portion of Metzora, detailing the purification process for a metzora (one afflicted with tzara'at, often translated as leprosy). The eighth day marks the culmination of the purification ritual, where the individual brings offerings to the Kohen at the entrance of the Mishkan (Tabernacle).

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi (Vayikra 14:23) explains that "the eighth day" refers to the day following the seven days of the metzora's initial purification (Vayikra 14:8-9). This day is critical because it is when the final sacrifices—the chatat (sin offering) and olah (burnt offering)—are brought, completing the atonement process. Rashi emphasizes that the offerings must be brought specifically "before Hashem," underscoring the spiritual dimension of the ritual.

Rambam's Perspective

In Hilchot Tumat Tzara'at (10:6), the Rambam (Maimonides) elaborates on the significance of the eighth day. He notes that the metzora must appear before the Kohen at the entrance of the Mishkan (or later, the Beit HaMikdash) to demonstrate submission to divine authority. The Rambam connects this to the idea that tzara'at is a physical manifestation of spiritual flaws, such as lashon hara (evil speech), and the purification process symbolizes repentance and return to holiness.

Midrashic Insights

The Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 16:9) draws a parallel between the eighth day of the metzora's purification and the eighth day of a male child's brit milah (circumcision). Both involve a spiritual renewal and covenant with Hashem. The Midrash teaches that just as brit milah represents a Jew's entry into a sacred bond, the metzora's eighth day signifies re-entry into communal and spiritual purity after a period of isolation.

Symbolism of the Entrance of the Tent of Meeting

• Proximity to Holiness: The metzora must come to the entrance of the Mishkan, a place of divine presence, to signify reintegration into the community and closeness to Hashem (Sforno, Vayikra 14:23).
• Public Declaration: Bringing the offerings before witnesses at the entrance underscores the importance of public repentance and accountability (Kli Yakar, Vayikra 14:23).

Halachic Implications

The Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De'ah 334) codifies that the laws of tzara'at and its purification remain relevant even in times without a Beit HaMikdash, as they teach enduring lessons about introspection and repentance. The eighth day's requirement highlights the importance of completing spiritual processes with tangible actions (offerings) and divine acknowledgment.