Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Leviticus 18:18 mean?
A: Leviticus 18:18 prohibits a man from marrying two sisters at the same time, as it would create rivalry and suffering between them. According to Rashi, this is to prevent the emotional harm that would come from such a relationship, especially while both sisters are alive. The Torah emphasizes maintaining peace and harmony in family relationships.
Q: Why is this prohibition important in Judaism?
A: This prohibition is important because the Torah values shalom bayit (peace in the home) and ethical family relationships. The Rambam (Hilchos Ishus 1:7) explains that such marriages can lead to jealousy and strife. Jewish law prioritizes kindness and fairness in marital relationships, and this verse reinforces that principle.
Q: Does this law apply if one sister passes away?
A: According to traditional Jewish law (Talmud Yevamot 55a), if one sister passes away or is divorced, a man may marry the other sister. The prohibition only applies while both sisters are alive and in a marital or potential marital relationship with the same man.
Q: How does this verse apply to modern Jewish life?
A: This verse teaches the importance of avoiding situations that could cause emotional harm or rivalry in relationships. Even today, Jewish ethics (based on Torah values) discourage actions that may lead to jealousy or conflict, especially within families. The principle extends beyond marriage to all interpersonal relationships.
Q: What is the deeper meaning behind this prohibition?
A: The Midrash (Toras Kohanim) suggests that this law reflects the sanctity of family bonds. By forbidding such marriages, the Torah protects the natural love between sisters and prevents the breakdown of family harmony. It also reinforces the idea that marriage should be built on respect and compassion, not competition.
Prohibition of Marrying Two Sisters
The verse (Vayikra 18:18) prohibits a man from marrying two sisters simultaneously or consecutively while both are alive. This is one of the arayot (forbidden relationships) listed in the Torah. The phrase "לִצְרֹר" (as her rival) indicates that such a union would create strife and jealousy between the sisters, as Rashi explains based on the Sifra.
Key Interpretations from Traditional Sources
Halachic Implications
This prohibition is one of the 365 negative commandments. Violating it incurs the punishment of karet (spiritual excision) if done intentionally, or a sin offering if done unintentionally. The marriage is also invalid (kiddushin tosin) according to most opinions.
Broader Ethical Message
Beyond the technical prohibition, the Torah teaches the importance of maintaining harmony in family relationships. The Sforno notes that such unions would inevitably lead to sinat achim (hatred between siblings), undermining the peace of the household.