Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Leviticus 18:4 mean?
A: Leviticus 18:4 instructs the Jewish people to observe Hashem's 'mishpatim' (judgments, which are logical commandments) and 'chukim' (statutes, which are decrees beyond human understanding). The verse emphasizes that by following these laws, we walk in Hashem's ways, affirming our relationship with Him as our God.
Q: Why is Leviticus 18:4 important in Judaism?
A: This verse is central because it establishes the foundation of Torah observance—fulfilling both the rational commandments (mishpatim) and the Divine decrees (chukim) with equal commitment. Rashi explains that 'walking in them' means toil in Torah study and mitzvot, showing that dedication to halacha (Jewish law) is how we connect to Hashem.
Q: What is the difference between 'mishpatim' and 'chukim' in this verse?
A: The 'mishpatim' (judgments) are mitzvot with clear logical reasons, like honoring parents or prohibitions against theft. The 'chukim' (statutes) are laws whose reasons are not revealed to us, such as kashrut or sha'atnez (mixing wool and linen). The Rambam teaches that both categories require equal obedience as expressions of devotion to Hashem.
Q: How does 'walking in Hashem's laws' apply to daily life?
A: The Talmud (Sotah 14a) explains that 'walking in His ways' means emulating Hashem's attributes—just as He is merciful and kind, we must act with compassion. Practically, this means integrating Torah values into every action, from business ethics to interpersonal relationships, making holiness present in mundane activities.
Q: Why does the verse end with 'I am Hashem your God'?
A: The closing phrase reinforces that Torah observance is not merely about ritual but about recognizing Hashem's authority. The Midrash (Sifra Acharei Mot 13:4) notes that this declaration reminds us that He redeemed us from Egypt, giving Him the right to command us—and our obedience reflects gratitude for that relationship.
Understanding the Verse
The verse (Vayikra 18:4) states: "You shall do My judgments, and keep My ordinances, to walk in them, I am the Lord your God." This commandment emphasizes the dual obligation of performing mitzvot (commandments) and internalizing their observance as a way of life.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi explains that "My judgments" (מִשְׁפָּטַי) refer to mitzvot that are logical and would likely have been commanded even if not explicitly stated in the Torah, such as prohibitions against theft and murder. "My ordinances" (חֻקֹּתַי) are mitzvot that are decrees from Hashem without apparent rationale, such as the prohibition of mixing wool and linen (shatnez) or the laws of kashrut. The phrase "to walk in them" teaches that one must immerse oneself in Torah study and mitzvot, making them a constant guide in life.
Rambam's Perspective
In Mishneh Torah (Hilchot De'ot 1:7), Rambam elaborates that walking in Hashem's ways means emulating His attributes—just as He is merciful and compassionate, so too must we be. The mitzvot are not merely actions but pathways to refining one's character and aligning with divine will.
Talmudic and Midrashic Insights
The Closing Declaration: "I am the Lord your God"
This phrase reinforces the foundation of mitzvah observance: recognizing that Hashem is the ultimate authority. The Sforno explains that this declaration reminds us that mitzvot are not arbitrary but are given by the Creator, who guides us toward spiritual perfection.