Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does 'walk in My statutes' mean in Leviticus 26:3?
A: Rashi explains that 'walking in My statutes' refers to diligently studying Torah and fulfilling its commandments. The Sages teach that it means to toil in Torah learning with dedication, not just performing mitzvot mechanically (Sifra, Rashi on Vayikra 26:3).
Q: Why does the verse mention both 'statutes' (chukim) and 'commandments' (mitzvot)?
A: The Talmud (Yoma 67b) distinguishes between chukim (statutes with no obvious reason, like kashrut) and mishpatim (logical commandments like honoring parents). Here, the Torah includes both to teach that we must observe all mitzvot - whether we understand them or not - because they are G-d's will.
Q: What is the significance of the three verbs: walk, keep, and do?
A: The Rambam (Hilchot Talmud Torah 1:8) explains this progression: First one must 'walk' by learning Torah properly, then 'keep' the commandments by being careful in observance, and finally 'do' them through actual performance. Each stage builds on the previous one.
Q: How can we apply Leviticus 26:3 in daily life today?
A: The Midrash (Torat Kohanim) teaches this verse instructs us to make Torah study and mitzvah observance central to our lives. Practically, this means setting regular Torah study times, being meticulous in halachah, and viewing all actions as opportunities to fulfill G-d's will.
Q: Why does the Torah say 'if' you follow the commandments - isn't this obligatory?
A: Ramban explains the 'if' refers to the level of observance - whether one does mitzvot minimally or with extra care (hiddur mitzvah). The Sforno adds that it emphasizes free will - we choose whether to earn blessings through proper observance (see Devarim 11:26-28).
Understanding the Verse
The verse (Vayikra 26:3) begins with the conditional phrase "If you walk in My statutes", setting the stage for the blessings that follow. The language is structured in three parts: walking in Hashem's statutes, keeping His commandments, and doing them. Each phrase carries distinct meaning according to traditional Orthodox Jewish commentators.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi explains that "If you walk in My statutes" refers not merely to observing the mitzvos but to toiling in Torah study with great effort (she-tihyu ameilim ba-Torah). The term "walking" implies continuous movement and growth in Torah learning, not just passive observance. This aligns with the Talmudic principle (Avos 5:21) that Torah study is the foundation of mitzvah observance.
Rambam's Perspective
Rambam (Hilchos Talmud Torah 3:12) emphasizes that the verse underscores the importance of both study and action. "Keep My commandments" refers to safeguarding the mitzvos from neglect, while "do them" signifies actual performance. The sequence teaches that proper observance requires first understanding the mitzvos through Torah study.
Midrashic Interpretation
The Toras Kohanim (Sifra) notes that the verse uses three expressions to highlight different levels of commitment:
This threefold structure mirrors the triad of Torah, avodah (service), and gemilus chassadim (acts of kindness) that uphold the world (Avos 1:2).
Chassidic Insight
The Sfas Emes teaches that "walking" in Hashem's statutes implies constant spiritual progression. The mitzvos are not static obligations but pathways to elevate one's connection to the Divine. The repetition of "doing them" suggests that mitzvos must be performed with both physical action and spiritual intent (kavanah).