Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Leviticus 26:37 mean?
A: Leviticus 26:37 describes a consequence of not following Hashem's commandments. Rashi explains that this verse refers to a state of panic and confusion where people will stumble over one another as if fleeing from a sword, even when no enemy is chasing them. It symbolizes disunity and weakness that comes from straying from Torah values.
Q: Why is this verse important in Judaism?
A: This verse is part of the 'Tochacha' (rebuke) section in Leviticus, which outlines consequences for abandoning Torah observance. The Rambam teaches that these warnings ultimately come from Hashem's love, to guide us back to the right path. The imagery of stumbling without an actual pursuer shows how internal discord leads to downfall.
Q: What lesson can we learn from 'they shall fall one upon another'?
A: The Talmud (Sotah 9a) learns from this that sin causes people to literally stumble over each other. The Midrash teaches that lack of unity makes us vulnerable. When Jews are divided and don't help each other, we weaken ourselves spiritually and physically. The verse reminds us that our strength comes from unity and Torah observance.
Q: How does this apply to Jewish life today?
A: The Chofetz Chaim taught that this verse remains relevant as a warning about the dangers of sinat chinam (baseless hatred) between Jews. When we focus on petty divisions rather than Torah unity, we make ourselves vulnerable. Many Orthodox commentaries see this as a timeless lesson about maintaining Jewish unity and mutual responsibility.
Q: What does 'no power to stand before your enemies' mean?
A: Rashi explains this means losing Divine protection when we abandon Torah. The Sforno adds that true Jewish strength comes from merit, not physical power alone. When we're worthy through mitzvah observance, Hashem grants us success against enemies; when we stray, that protection is diminished, leaving us vulnerable.
Context in the Torah
The verse appears in Vayikra (Leviticus) 26:37, within the Tochacha (Rebuke), a section detailing the consequences of failing to observe the mitzvos. Rashi explains that this describes a state of panic and confusion, where even without an actual enemy pursuing them, Bnei Yisrael will stumble over one another as if fleeing from a sword.
Interpretation of "Stumbling Without a Pursuer"
The Ramban (Nachmanides) elaborates that this reflects a loss of divine protection, leading to irrational fear and self-inflicted harm. The phrase "when none pursues" signifies that their terror will stem from internal disarray rather than external threats. The Sforno adds that this results from abandoning Torah wisdom, leaving them vulnerable to misguided decisions.
Symbolism of "Falling Before a Sword"
"No Power to Stand Before Enemies"
The Kli Yakar emphasizes that this curse reflects the withdrawal of the Shechinah’s presence, as victory in battle historically depended on merit (e.g., Devarim 20:4). The Talmud (Sotah 42a) notes that when Jews lack unity, they lose the divine assistance granted to their ancestors.
Practical Lessons
The verse underscores the Torah’s warning that spiritual decline leads to physical vulnerability. As the Rambam (Hilchos Taaniyos 1:1–3) teaches, repentance during crises is essential to restore divine favor and collective strength.