Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does 'shekel of the sanctuary' mean in Leviticus 27:25?
A: The 'shekel of the sanctuary' refers to the standard weight used in the Holy Temple for donations, vows, and valuations (Rashi on Leviticus 27:25). It was the official measurement for all sacred contributions, ensuring fairness and consistency in fulfilling religious obligations.
Q: Why does the Torah specify 'twenty gera shall be the shekel'?
A: The Torah specifies this conversion to prevent confusion or disputes over valuations (Rambam, Hilchot Arachin 1:1). By defining the shekel as 20 gera, it provides a clear, standardized measurement for fulfilling vows, donations, or other Temple-related payments.
Q: How does this verse apply today without the Temple?
A: While we no longer have the Temple, the principle of standardized measurements teaches us the importance of honesty and precision in financial matters (Chinuch 360). Many Jewish communities still use this measurement when calculating the value of Pidyon HaBen (redemption of a firstborn son) or other halachic obligations.
Q: What is the significance of using the sanctuary's shekel for valuations?
A: Using the sanctuary's shekel emphasizes that even mundane acts like measuring money become holy when done for sacred purposes (Sifra, Behar). It teaches that our material possessions should be elevated through their use in fulfilling mitzvot and supporting holy causes.
Q: How much was a shekel worth in modern terms?
A: While exact modern equivalents are debated, a shekel was a significant amount - approximately 20 gera (Talmud, Kiddushin 11b). Some opinions equate it to about 16 grams of silver. However, the main lesson is using standardized, honest measurements in our dealings (Mishnah, Bava Metzia 4:1).
Explanation of the Verse
The verse (Vayikra 27:25) establishes the standard for monetary valuations in the context of vows and consecrations to the Beit HaMikdash (Holy Temple). The Torah mandates that all such valuations must be calculated using the "shekel of the sanctuary," which is defined as consisting of twenty gerah.
The Shekel of the Sanctuary
Rashi explains that the term "shekel of the sanctuary" refers to the standard weight used for sacred matters, as opposed to secular commerce. This shekel was kept in the Temple treasury and served as the authoritative measure for all valuations related to vows, donations, and atonement offerings (such as the half-shekel given annually).
The Value of Twenty Gerah
Rambam (Hilchot Shekalim 1:3) elaborates that the shekel mentioned here is equivalent to 20 gerah, a smaller unit of weight. The Talmud (Bekhorot 50a) discusses the precise measurement, noting that this standard was universally binding for all monetary obligations tied to the Temple service.
Spiritual Significance
The Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 27:10) connects this verse to the idea of consistency in divine service. Just as the shekel had a fixed, unchanging value, so too must our commitment to mitzvot remain steadfast and unwavering. The use of the "sanctuary shekel" emphasizes that our spiritual obligations must be measured by the highest standard—the holiness of the Beit HaMikdash.
Practical Halachic Implications