Numbers 1:17 - Leaders chosen by divine designation

Context of the Verse

The verse (Bamidbar 1:17) describes Moshe and Aharon gathering the leaders of each tribe who were designated by name to assist in the census of Bnei Yisrael. This event took place in the second year after the Exodus, as the nation prepared for its journey toward Eretz Yisrael.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Bamidbar 1:17) explains that the phrase "אֲשֶׁר נִקְּבוּ בְּשֵׁמוֹת" ("who were pointed out by their names") refers to the tribal leaders listed earlier in the parsha (Bamidbar 1:5-15). These men were already distinguished by name, and Moshe and Aharon now formally appointed them for their role in the census. Rashi emphasizes that their selection was deliberate and Divinely guided.

Rambam's Perspective on Leadership

Rambam (Hilchos Klei HaMikdash 4:20) discusses the importance of appointing qualified leaders, noting that Moshe and Aharon followed Hashem's command to choose men of stature and wisdom. The phrase "נִקְּבוּ בְּשֵׁמוֹת" implies these individuals were already recognized for their merits, aligning with the principle that leadership must be based on righteousness and capability.

Midrashic Insights

• Bamidbar Rabbah (3:12): The Midrash teaches that these leaders were "called by name" because they embodied the traits of their tribes, just as the tribes themselves were named after the sons of Yaakov. Their names reflected their spiritual roles.
• Sforno (Bamidbar 1:17): Adds that their names were specified to avoid disputes, ensuring clarity in their appointment and authority.

Halachic Implications

The Talmud (Yoma 22b) derives from this verse that important communal appointments require clear designation, as seen with Moshe and Aharon's formal selection of these leaders. This principle applies to later halachic standards for appointing rabbinic and communal leaders.