Numbers 14:41 - Defying G-d's command fails

Context of the Verse

This verse (Bamidbar 14:41) appears in the aftermath of the sin of the spies, when the Israelites initially refused to enter Eretz Yisrael. After Hashem decreed that the generation would wander in the wilderness for 40 years, some individuals attempted to ascend to the land on their own, contrary to Moshe's warning. Moshe rebukes them with these words, emphasizing the futility of acting against Hashem's command.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi explains that Moshe's question, "Why now do you transgress?" highlights their misplaced timing. Earlier, when Hashem commanded them to enter the land, they refused. Now, when Hashem has forbidden them from entering, they attempt to go—demonstrating inconsistency and rebellion. Rashi also notes that the phrase "it shall not prosper" (וְהִוא לֹא תִצְלָח) implies their efforts would fail because they lacked divine approval.

Rambam's Perspective on Rebellion

Rambam (Hilchot Teshuva 4:1) discusses the severity of defying Hashem's commandments after a decree has been issued. Here, the people's attempt to enter Eretz Yisrael without divine sanction reflects a lack of teshuva (repentance) and proper submission to Hashem's will. Their actions were not motivated by genuine remorse but by fear of consequences, rendering their efforts spiritually ineffective.

Midrashic Insights

• The Midrash Tanchuma (Shelach 10) compares this episode to a child who refuses to eat when food is offered but demands it after it has been taken away. Similarly, Bnei Yisrael rejected the land when it was permitted and sought it when it was forbidden.
• The Midrash also emphasizes that success in mitzvot depends on aligning with Hashem's will. Their unauthorized ascent was doomed because it lacked the divine presence (Shechina).

Ibn Ezra on the Phrase "It Shall Not Prosper"

Ibn Ezra explains that the word תִצְלָח (prosper) implies success in battle or endeavor. Here, Moshe prophesies their defeat, as the Amalekites and Canaanites would overpower them (as described in the subsequent verses). This underscores that victory in Eretz Yisrael could only come through Hashem's assistance, which they forfeited through disobedience.

Halachic Implications

The Gemara (Sotah 44b) derives from this incident that one should not rely on miracles when acting against halachic directives. The people presumed they could succeed through sheer determination, but Moshe's rebuke teaches that divine favor is conditional upon adherence to Torah law.