Numbers 16:10 - Priesthood: Divine gift or ambition?

Numbers 16:10 - במדבר 16:10

Hebrew Text

וַיַּקְרֵב אֹתְךָ וְאֶת־כָּל־אַחֶיךָ בְנֵי־לֵוִי אִתָּךְ וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם גַּם־כְּהֻנָּה׃

English Translation

And he has brought thee near to him, and all thy brethren the sons of Levi with thee: and do you seek the priesthood also?

Transliteration

Vayakrev otkha ve'et-kol-akhekha vnei-Levi itkha uvikashtem gam-kehunah.

Hebrew Leining Text

וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֹֽתְךָ֔ וְאֶת־כׇּל־אַחֶ֥יךָ בְנֵי־לֵוִ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּ֖ם גַּם־כְּהֻנָּֽה׃

🎵 Listen to leining

Parasha Commentary

Context of the Verse

This verse (Numbers 16:10) is part of the narrative of Korach's rebellion against Moshe and Aharon. Korach, a Levite, along with Datan, Aviram, and 250 leaders of Israel, challenged the leadership of Moshe and the exclusive priesthood of Aharon. Moshe responds by emphasizing that Hashem had already granted the Levites a special role in the service of the Mishkan, yet they sought the priesthood as well.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki) comments that Moshe was highlighting the ingratitude of Korach and his followers. The Levites were already elevated above the rest of Israel by being chosen for sacred service (carrying the Mishkan and assisting the Kohanim), yet they sought even greater honor—the priesthood itself. Rashi emphasizes that this was a rejection of Hashem's divine selection of Aharon and his descendants for the Kehunah.

Rambam's Perspective

Rambam (Maimonides) in Hilchos Klei HaMikdash (Laws of Temple Vessels) discusses the distinct roles of Levi'im and Kohanim. He explains that the Kehunah (priesthood) was an eternal covenant with Aharon's lineage (Numbers 18:7), and any attempt to usurp this role—as Korach did—was a violation of Torah law. Moshe's rebuke underscores that their request was not merely ambitious but fundamentally opposed to the divine order.

Midrashic Insights

  • Midrash Tanchuma (Korach 5) compares Korach's argument to a parable of a poor man who was given fine woolen garments but demanded silk instead. Similarly, the Levites were granted a lofty role, yet they sought more.
  • Bamidbar Rabbah (18:3) states that Korach's rebellion stemmed from jealousy and a lack of appreciation for the unique roles assigned by Hashem. His challenge to Moshe and Aharon was, in essence, a challenge to Hashem's wisdom.

Halachic Implications

The Talmud (Sanhedrin 110a) derives from this episode that disputes not for the sake of Heaven (like Korach's) are condemned, while those for the sake of Heaven (like Hillel and Shammai's debates) endure. The Gemara further states that Korach's fate serves as a warning against challenging divinely ordained leadership.

Spiritual Lesson

This verse teaches the importance of kabbalas ol Malchus Shamayim (accepting the yoke of Heaven) by recognizing and embracing the roles assigned by Hashem. The Levites had a sacred mission, but their dissatisfaction led to tragedy. The proper path is to serve Hashem with humility within one's designated sphere.

📚 Talmud Citations

This verse is quoted in the Talmud.

📖 Sanhedrin 110b
The verse is cited in a discussion about Korah's rebellion and the claim to priesthood, illustrating the dangers of seeking honor and positions not granted by divine appointment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the context of Numbers 16:10?
A: Numbers 16:10 is part of the story of Korach's rebellion against Moshe (Moses) and Aharon (Aaron). Korach, a Levite, challenged their leadership and sought the priesthood for himself and his followers. This verse is Moshe's response, emphasizing that Hashem had already granted the Levites a special role, yet they were ungratefully seeking even more honor.
Q: Why did Korach and the Levites want the priesthood?
A: Korach and his followers were jealous of Aharon's role as Kohen Gadol (High Priest). Rashi explains that Korach felt slighted because a cousin from another branch of Levi was appointed as the leader of the Levites, while he was passed over. Their desire for the priesthood was driven by personal ambition rather than a sincere wish to serve Hashem.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Numbers 16:10?
A: The verse teaches the dangers of jealousy and seeking honor for oneself. The Midrash (Tanchuma Korach 1) warns that Korach's rebellion stemmed from arrogance and discontent with his divinely appointed role. The lesson is to serve Hashem with humility and accept the roles and responsibilities assigned to us without coveting what belongs to others.
Q: How does this verse relate to the role of the Levites?
A: The verse reminds the Levites that they already had a sacred role—assisting the Kohanim (priests) in the Mishkan (Tabernacle). The Rambam (Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 3) explains that the Levites were chosen for service, but the priesthood was reserved only for Aharon's descendants. Seeking more than what was allotted showed ingratitude for their unique spiritual mission.
Q: Does this verse have relevance today?
A: Yes, the message applies to anyone serving in a community or spiritual role. The Talmud (Eruvin 13b) teaches that one should not seek honor—it should come as a result of sincere service. Like the Levites, we must focus on fulfilling our own responsibilities with dedication rather than envying the roles of others.