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Numbers 16:20 - Divine judgment on Korach's rebellion?

Numbers 16:20 - במדבר 16:20

Hebrew Text

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר׃

English Translation

And the Lord spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying,

Transliteration

Vayedaber Adonai el-Moshe ve'el-Aharon lemor.

Hebrew Leining Text

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃
וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃

🎵 Listen to leining

Parasha Commentary

The Dual Address to Moshe and Aharon

The verse states, "וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר" ("And the Lord spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying"). Rashi (Shemot 6:13) notes that this phrasing indicates that both Moshe and Aharon were addressed simultaneously and with equal standing in this communication. This is significant because, in many instances, Hashem speaks to Moshe alone, who then relays the message to Aharon or the people.

Aharon's Role in Divine Communication

The Ramban (Bereishit 17:3) explains that Aharon's inclusion here underscores his elevated status as a partner in leadership. The Midrash (Shemot Rabbah 7:1) elaborates that Aharon was often the intermediary between Moshe and the people, softening Moshe's words due to his gentle nature. Thus, their joint address highlights their complementary roles—Moshe as the primary prophet and Aharon as the compassionate communicator.

The Significance of "לֵאמֹר" (Saying)

The term "לֵאמֹר" ("saying") is interpreted by the Sforno as an instruction to transmit the forthcoming message to Bnei Yisrael. The Talmud (Yoma 4b) further notes that this word often implies a command to relay the prophecy, emphasizing the communal responsibility of Moshe and Aharon as leaders.

Contextual Importance in Shemot

  • This verse appears in the context of the Exodus narrative, where Hashem prepares Moshe and Aharon for their mission to Pharaoh (Rashi, Shemot 6:13).
  • The Or HaChaim highlights that their joint address here foreshadows their unified leadership during the Ten Plagues and the redemption from Egypt.
  • The Kli Yakar adds that Aharon's presence signifies the importance of kehunah (priesthood) in the unfolding divine plan.

📚 Talmud Citations

This verse is quoted in the Talmud.

📖 Yoma 4a
The verse is referenced in a discussion about the communication between God, Moses, and Aaron, particularly in the context of the commandments given to them.
📖 Sanhedrin 17a
The verse is cited in a discussion about the roles and responsibilities of Moses and Aaron as leaders and intermediaries between God and the Israelites.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Why does the verse mention both Moshe and Aharon when Hashem speaks?
A: According to Rashi, this teaches us that both Moshe and Aharon were equally beloved before Hashem. Even though Moshe was the primary leader, Aharon's role as Kohen Gadol (High Priest) was equally important when it came to matters involving the Mishkan (Tabernacle) and divine service.
Q: What is the significance of the phrase 'וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה' (And Hashem spoke) in this verse?
A: The Torah often uses this phrasing to indicate a direct and clear communication from Hashem. The Rambam explains in Moreh Nevuchim that this emphasizes the prophecy of Moshe, which was unique in its clarity compared to other prophets.
Q: Why does the verse end with 'לֵאמֹר' (saying)?
A: The word 'לֵאמֹר' indicates that Moshe and Aharon were to relay Hashem's message to others. The Midrash explains this teaches leaders must properly transmit divine instructions to the people without adding or omitting anything.
Q: What lesson can we learn from how Hashem addresses both Moshe and Aharon together?
A: The Talmud (Sanhedrin 8a) derives from here the importance of unity among leaders. Even though they had different roles, they worked together harmoniously to fulfill Hashem's will, setting an example for proper leadership.
Q: Does this verse connect to any specific event in the Torah?
A: Yes, this introduces the story of Korach's rebellion (which follows in Numbers 16). The Sforno explains that addressing both Moshe and Aharon together here shows their joint authority was being challenged, making their unified response crucial.