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Numbers 16:23 - Divine judgment on Korach's rebellion

Numbers 16:23 - במדבר 16:23

Hebrew Text

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר׃

English Translation

And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

Transliteration

Vayedaber Adonai el-Moshe lemor.

Hebrew Leining Text

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

🎵 Listen to leining

Parasha Commentary

The Divine Communication to Moshe

The verse "וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר" ("And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying") appears frequently in the Torah, marking the transmission of divine commandments. Rashi (Shemot 6:2) notes that this phrase emphasizes the direct and unmediated communication between Hashem and Moshe, distinguishing Moshe's prophecy from that of other prophets, who received messages through visions or dreams (Bamidbar 12:6-8).

The Significance of "לֵּאמֹר" ("Saying")

The word "לֵּאמֹר" indicates that Moshe was commanded to relay the message to Bnei Yisrael. Ramban (Shemot 25:1) explains that this term underscores Moshe's role as the faithful transmitter of Hashem's word, ensuring the nation would hear the commandments exactly as they were given. The Talmud (Yoma 4b) further teaches that every divine communication to Moshe included this instruction, reinforcing the principle of mesorah (transmission of tradition).

Moshe's Unique Prophetic Stature

This phrase highlights Moshe's unparalleled prophetic level. The Rambam (Yesodei HaTorah 7:6) writes that Moshe alone experienced prophecy while fully awake and without allegory, as the verse implies a clear, direct dialogue. Midrash Tanchuma (Vaera 3) adds that Moshe's humility (Bamidbar 12:3) made him the fitting vessel for such communication.

Theological Implications

  • Divine Authority: The phrasing affirms the Torah's divine origin, as noted by the Kuzari (1:87).
  • Human Agency: Despite Moshe's greatness, the verse begins with Hashem's action, teaching that prophecy is granted by divine will (Rambam, Moreh Nevuchim 2:32).
  • Clarity of Command: The structure leaves no ambiguity—Hashem's words are transmitted without alteration (Devarim 4:2).

📚 Talmud Citations

This verse is not quoted in the Talmud.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What does it mean that 'the Lord spoke to Moshe'?
A: This phrase appears frequently in the Torah to indicate direct divine communication. According to Rashi and Rambam, when the Torah says 'the Lord spoke to Moshe,' it means that Moshe received prophecy in the clearest possible way - with full clarity and without any confusion or doubt. This distinguishes Moshe's prophecy from that of other prophets.
Q: Why does the Torah keep repeating 'the Lord spoke to Moshe'?
A: The Talmud (Yoma 4b) explains that each time this phrase appears, it marks a pause between different divine communications. This teaches us that Hashem gave Moshe time to reflect between teachings. The repetition also emphasizes that every word of the Torah comes directly from Hashem to Moshe.
Q: What is the significance of the word 'leimor' (saying) at the end of the verse?
A: Rashi explains that 'leimor' means Moshe was instructed to repeat these words to others - in this case, to the Jewish people. The Midrash adds that this shows Moshe's humility, as he faithfully transmitted Hashem's exact words without adding or changing anything.
Q: How is this verse relevant to us today?
A: This verse reminds us of the divine origin of the Torah. As Rambam writes in his 13 Principles of Faith, we believe the entire Torah was given to Moshe directly from Hashem. This forms the basis of our acceptance of Torah commandments and our connection to Jewish tradition.
Q: Why does the Torah specify that Hashem spoke to Moshe by name?
A: The Midrash explains that mentioning Moshe by name shows the close relationship between Hashem and Moshe. The Sages teach that this reflects how Hashem communicates with each person according to their individual level and relationship with Him. Moshe reached the highest level of prophecy possible for a human being.