Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Numbers 20:17 mean?
A: In Numbers 20:17, the Israelites, led by Moshe (Moses), request permission from the king of Edom to pass through his land on their journey to the Promised Land. They promise not to harm the fields, vineyards, or wells, and to stay strictly on the main road (the 'king’s highway') without deviating. This shows their respect for Edom’s property and sovereignty. Rashi explains that this was a peaceful approach, emphasizing that the Israelites had no intention of causing damage or conflict.
Q: Why is this verse important in the Torah?
A: This verse is important because it demonstrates the ethical conduct expected of Bnei Yisrael (the Children of Israel). Even though they were a large nation traveling through another’s land, they committed to causing no harm. The Rambam (Maimonides) teaches that this reflects the Torah’s emphasis on derech eretz (proper behavior) and peaceful relations with others, even when not obligated by law. It also sets a precedent for how Jews should interact with neighboring nations.
Q: What can we learn from Numbers 20:17 today?
A: We learn the importance of respect and consideration for others’ property and boundaries. The Israelites’ request teaches that even when we have needs (like passing through a land), we must approach others with courtesy and avoid causing unnecessary harm. The Talmud (Bava Metzia 30b) expands on this idea, stating that acting beyond the strict letter of the law (lifnim mishurat hadin) is a high ethical standard in Judaism.
Q: Why did the Israelites specify not drinking from the wells?
A: The Israelites assured Edom they wouldn’t use their water to avoid any appearance of taking resources without permission. Water was (and is) a precious commodity in the region, and using it could have been seen as theft or provocation. The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 19:16) highlights that this careful wording was meant to prevent misunderstandings and maintain peaceful relations.
Q: What is the 'king’s highway' mentioned in this verse?
A: The 'king’s highway' (derech hamelech) was a major trade and travel route in ancient times, running through Edom and other kingdoms. By sticking to this road, the Israelites showed they were passing through as travelers, not invaders. Rashi notes that this route was public and well-traveled, so their presence wouldn’t be seen as suspicious or threatening.
Context in the Torah
This verse (Numbers 20:17) is part of Moshe's diplomatic message to the king of Edom, requesting permission for Bnei Yisrael to pass through their land on the way to Eretz Yisrael. The request emphasizes that they will not cause any harm or take resources from Edom.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi notes that Moshe uses the phrase "נַעְבְּרָה־נָּא" ("let us pass, I pray thee") to show humility and politeness in his request. He also explains that Bnei Yisrael promised:
Rambam on Diplomatic Conduct
Rambam (Hilchot Melachim 6:1) derives from this verse the principles of ethical conduct in dealing with other nations. Even though Bnei Yisrael had divine permission to pass through, Moshe sought peaceful permission and offered assurances to avoid conflict, setting a precedent for derech eretz (proper conduct).
Midrashic Insights
The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 19:16) highlights that Moshe's language reflects the importance of maintaining peaceful relations with neighboring nations. By specifying their path and commitments, Bnei Yisrael demonstrated respect for Edom's sovereignty, despite their ancestral connection (as descendants of Esav).
Halachic Implications
The Sifrei (on Devarim 23:8) connects this verse to the prohibition against antagonizing Edom, teaching that even when passing through hostile territory, Jews must act with integrity and avoid unnecessary conflict.