Numbers 23:6 - Moab's princes witness divine encounter

Context in the Torah

This verse (Bamidbar 23:6) appears in the narrative of Balak, king of Moav, summoning the prophet Bilaam to curse the Israelites. After Bilaam's first attempt to curse Israel is transformed into a blessing by Hashem, he returns to Balak, who is standing by his burnt offering (olah) along with the princes of Moav.

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi explains that the phrase "וישב אליו" ("and he returned to him") refers to Bilaam returning to Balak after his first failed attempt to curse Israel. Rashi notes that Balak remained steadfast in his position by the altar, demonstrating his persistence in seeking Israel's downfall despite the initial setback. The presence of the Moabite princes emphasizes the official and royal nature of this endeavor.

Symbolism of the Burnt Offering

The burnt offering (olah) mentioned here is significant. The Rambam (Hilchos Ma'aseh HaKorbanos 1:3) teaches that an olah is entirely consumed on the altar, symbolizing complete dedication. In this context, Balak's offering may represent his total commitment to his goal of cursing Israel, despite Hashem's intervention.

Midrashic Insights

• The Midrash Tanchuma (Balak 8) highlights the irony that Balak and the Moabite princes stood by their sacrifices, while Bilaam—though a prophet—was unable to manipulate divine will. This underscores the futility of human efforts against Hashem's plan for Israel.
• Another Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 20:12) suggests that Balak's persistence foreshadowed future enemies of Israel who, despite repeated failures, continue to seek their harm.

Halachic and Ethical Lessons

The Talmud (Sanhedrin 105b) derives from this episode that one should not persist in a wrongful course of action, as Balak did. The presence of the princes also teaches about the dangers of collective peer pressure in pursuing immoral goals, as the leadership of Moav united in this effort against Israel.