Numbers 24:5 - Beauty in Jewish dwellings

Context of the Verse

The verse "מַה־טֹּבוּ אֹהָלֶיךָ יַעֲקֹב מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל" (Bamidbar 24:5) is part of the prophecy of Balaam, who was hired by Balak to curse the Jewish people but instead blessed them under divine inspiration. The verse praises the tents and dwelling places of Yaakov and Yisrael.

Rashi's Interpretation

Rashi explains that Balaam was struck by the orderly arrangement of the Israelite camp, where the tents were positioned in such a way that no one could see into another's dwelling, ensuring privacy and modesty (tzeniut). This reflects the moral and ethical standards of the Jewish people, which earned divine favor.

Midrashic Insights

• The Midrash Tanchuma (Bamidbar 3) elaborates that the "tents" refer to the study halls (beit midrash) and synagogues, where Torah is learned and prayer is offered. The term "מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶיךָ" (tabernacles) alludes to the Mishkan (Tabernacle), symbolizing the divine presence dwelling among Israel.
• The Sifrei connects this verse to the merit of the forefathers, particularly Yaakov, whose tent was a place of Torah study (as seen in his devotion to learning in contrast to Esav's worldly pursuits).

Rambam's Perspective

In Hilchot De'ot, the Rambam emphasizes the importance of community structure and ethical living. The praise of the tents can be understood as an endorsement of a society built on Torah values, where homes are sanctified spaces for spiritual growth and kindness.

Symbolism of "Tents" and "Tabernacles"

The duality of "אֹהָלֶיךָ" (tents) and "מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶיךָ" (tabernacles) represents both the physical and spiritual dwellings of the Jewish people:

• Tents signify the transient nature of physical life, yet their "goodliness" reflects how even mundane spaces are elevated through Torah and mitzvot.
• Tabernacles evoke the permanent divine presence, as in the Mishkan, suggesting that holiness permeates Jewish homes and communal institutions.

Practical Lessons

This verse teaches that the sanctity of Jewish life is reflected in:

• Respect for privacy and modesty in interpersonal conduct.
• The centrality of Torah study and prayer in shaping Jewish homes.
• The collective merit of a community dedicated to divine service.