Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why did Moshe give the land of Gilad to Makhir the son of Menashe?
A: According to Rashi (Numbers 32:40), Moshe gave the land of Gilad to Makhir because he was a righteous and distinguished leader among the tribe of Menashe. The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 22:7) also explains that Makhir had previously shown great courage in battle, helping conquer the land from the Amorites, making him deserving of this portion.
Q: What is the significance of Makhir settling in Gilad?
A: The settlement of Makhir in Gilad signifies the fulfillment of Hashem's promise to give the land to the tribes of Israel. The Talmud (Bava Batra 118b) teaches that this allocation was part of the divine plan for each tribe to receive its rightful inheritance, ensuring the land was settled according to tribal divisions.
Q: Does this verse teach us anything about leadership and reward?
A: Yes, this verse highlights that those who take initiative and demonstrate leadership—like Makhir, who fought bravely—are rewarded. Rambam (Hilchot Melachim 4:10) emphasizes that leaders who contribute to the welfare of the Jewish people are honored with lasting legacies, as seen in Makhir’s inheritance.
Q: How does this verse connect to the broader narrative in the Torah?
A: This verse is part of the larger account of the tribes of Reuven, Gad, and half of Menashe requesting land east of the Jordan (Numbers 32). The Sforno explains that Moshe agreed under the condition that they first help conquer Canaan, showing that settling the land was a collective responsibility before individual inheritance.
Q: Is there a lesson for us today from this verse?
A: Yes, the verse teaches the importance of contributing to the community before seeking personal benefit. Just as Makhir and his tribe had to assist in conquering the land before receiving their portion, we learn (Pirkei Avot 5:13) that one who prioritizes communal needs earns lasting merit.
Context of the Verse
The verse (Bamidbar 32:40) describes Moshe granting the territory of Gil῾ad to Makhir, the son of Menashe, as part of the division of land east of the Jordan River. This allocation occurred after the tribes of Reuven and Gad requested to settle there, provided they would assist in conquering Eretz Yisrael.
Rashi's Explanation
Rashi (Bamidbar 32:40) explains that Makhir was a prominent figure among the descendants of Menashe, known for his strength and leadership. The fact that Moshe singled him out for this inheritance indicates his exceptional status. Rashi also notes that Makhir had already demonstrated his valor by conquering parts of Gil῾ad earlier (see Yehoshua 17:1), making him a fitting recipient of the land.
Makhir's Unique Role
Halachic Implications
The Rambam (Hilchot Nachalot 1:7) cites this verse as a precedent for the principle that a leader (like Moshe) has the authority to allocate land to individuals or tribes based on merit and circumstance, even if it deviates from the standard inheritance laws. This underscores the dynamic nature of halachic leadership in land distribution.
Symbolism of Gil῾ad
The Talmud (Bava Basra 121b) associates Gil῾ad with fertility and strategic importance. By granting it to Makhir, Moshe ensured that a capable leader would oversee a vital region, securing it for future generations of Bnei Yisrael.